山东高考英语试题2017及英语调研考试试题(2)
第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
A
1. Cartridge exchange indicator
2.Lid
3. Funnel (漏斗)
4.MAXTRA cartridge (MAXTRA 滤芯)
5.Jug (水壶)
A. A nation’s economic prosperity. B. A religious philosophy.C. The response to a natural disaster. D. The requirement of the government.
59.The author may agree with the following versions EXCEPT that____________.
A. Kenya is the most charitable country in the continent of Africa.
B. Africans tend to show their generosity through formalized channels.
C. Malaysia ranks higher this year due to its abunsant aid to Philippines.
D. many people in Myanmar and Sri Lanka share the same religious philosophy.
60.Which of the following shows the correct order of the countries in the World Giving Index?
A. Kenya----Tobago----Nigeria----Myanmar.
B. America----Tobago----Nigeria----Trinidad.
C. Myanmar----Malaysia----Kenya----Nigeria.
D. Sri Lanka----Kenya----South Africa----Trinidad.
61.The passage mainly tells us that___________.
A. America took the lead in charitable giving.
B. People have more faith in humanity nowadays.
C. most people are willing to lend a hard when necessary.
D. Some poor countries are more likely to show their generosity.
C
Biologists believe that love is fundamentally a biological rather than a cultural construct, because the capacity for love is found in all human cultures and similar behavior is found in some other animals. In humans the purpose of all the desire is to focus attention on the raising of offspring. Children demand an unusual amount of parenting, and two parents are better than one. Love is a signal that both partners are committed, and makes it more likely that this commitment will continue as long as necessary for children to reach independence. But what does science have to say about the notion of love at first sight?
In recent years the ability to watch the brain in action has offered a wealth of insight into the mechanics of love. Researchers have shown that when a person falls in love, a dozen different part of brain work together to release chemicals that trigger feelings of euphoria, bonding and excitement. It has also been shown that the unconditional love between a mother and a child is associated with activity in different regions of the brain from those associated with pair-bonding love.
Passionate love is rooted in the reward circuitry of the brain—the same area that is active when humans feel a rush from cocaine. In fact, the desire, motivations and withdrawals involved in love have a great deal in common with addiction. Its most intense forms tend to be associated with the early stages of a relationship, which then give way to a calmer attachment form of love one feels with a long term partner.
What all this means is that one special person can become chemically rewarding to the brain of another. Love at first sight, then, is only possible if the mechanism for generating long-term attachment can be triggered quickly. There are signs that it can be. One line of evidence is that people are able to decide within a second how attractive they find another person. This decision appears to be related to facial attractiveness, although men may favor women with waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7, no matter what their overall weight is. (This ratio may indicate a woman’s reproductive health.)
Another piece of evidence comes from work by a psychologist at Ben-Gurion University, who found in a survey that a small percentage (11%) of people in long-term relationships said that they began with love at first sight. In other words, in some couples the initial favorable impressions of attractiveness triggered love which sustained a lengthy bond. It is also clear that some couples need to form their bonds over a longer period, and popular culture tells many tales of friends who become lovers.
One might also assume that if a person is looking for a partner with traits that cannot be quantified instantly, such as compassion, intellect or a good sense of humor, then it would be hard to form a relationship on the basis of love at first sight. Those more concerned with visual appearances, though, might find this easier. So it appears that love at first sight exists, but is not a very common basis for long-term relationships.
62. When a person falls in love,_____________.
A. he feels as if he were addicted to cocaine.
B. he will be committed to the beloved as long as necessary.
C. he will experience complex feelings brought on by different regions of his brain.
D. he will experience a calmer attachment form of love before he feels the extreme love.
63.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. pair-bonding love comes from a long stable friendship.
B. the mechanism for creating long-term attachment ensures love at first sight
C. it is impossible for those ordinary-looking people to fall in love at first sight.
D. men may be attracted by a girl whose figure suggests her admirable reproductive capacity.
64. The underlined word “traits” in the last paragraph probably means ______.
A. characteristics
B. something typical in your temper
C. particular quantities in your personality
D. attitudes that show your moral standards
65. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A. The stages of passionate love
B. The science of love at first sight
C. The biological construct of pair-bonding
D. The mechanism for generating long-term love
D
Ernest Hemingway was not only a commanding figure in 20th-century literature, but was also a pack rat. He saved even his old passports and used bullfight tickets, leaving behind one of the longest paper trails of any author.
“Ernest Hemingway: Between Two Wars,” which opens on Friday at the Morgan Library & Museum, is the first major museum exhibition devoted to Hemingway and his work. The largest and most interesting section focuses on the ’20s, Hemingway’s Paris years, and reveals a writer we might have been in danger of forgetting: Hemingway before he became Hemingway.
The exhibition does not fail to include pictures of the bearded, manly, Hem. He’s shown posing with some kudu he has just shot in Africa and on the bridge of his beloved fishing boat, the Pilar, with Carlos Gutiérrez, the fisherman who became the model for “The Old Man and the Sea.” But the first photo the viewer sees is a big blowup of a handsome, clean-shaven, 19-year-old standing on crutches. This is from the summer of 1918, when Hemingway was recovering from wounds at the Red Cross hospital in Milan and trying to turn his wartime experiences into fiction.
The evidence at this exhibition suggests that, in the early days, he often wrote in pencil, mostly in cheap notebooks but sometimes on whatever paper came to hand. The first draft of the short story “Soldier’s Home” was written on sheets he appeared to have snatched from a telegraph office. The impression you get is of a young writer seized by inspiration and sometimes barreling ahead without an entirely clear sense of where he is going.
F. Scott Fitzgerald (some of whose letters with Hemingway is also on view) famously urged him to cut the first two chapters of “The Sun Also Rises,” complaining about the “elephantine facetiousness” of the beginning, and Hemingway obliged, getting rid of a clunky opening that now seems almost “meta”. In 1929, in a nine-page penciled critique, Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms.” Hemingway took some of these, but less graciously, and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.
The papers at the Morgan show a Hemingway who is not always sure of himself. There are running lists of stories he kept fiddling with, and there are lists and lists of possible titles, including the 45 he considered for “Farewell” and 47 different endings for the novel.
In display case after display case, you see Hemingway during his Paris years inventing and reinventing himself, discovering as he goes along just what kind of writer he wants to be. In a moving 1925 letter to his parents, who refused to read “In Our Time,” his second story collection, he writes: “You see I’m trying in all my stories to get the feeling of the actual life across — not just to describe life — or criticize it — but to actually make it alive. So that when you have read something by me you actually experience the thing. You cant do this without putting in the bad and the ugly as well as what is beautiful.”
By the time the Second World War broke out, Hemingway had solidified into the iconic figure we now remember: Papa. Even J. D. Salinger calls him this. And a blustery, cranky Hemingway appears in 1949 when aboard the Pilar he grabs an old fishing diary and begins scrawling an angry letter to Harold Ross, the editor of The New Yorker, complaining about Alfred Kazin’s review of “Across the River and Into the Trees,” not, in truth, a very good book. But, Hemingway, often drinking and depressed, didn’t know it, his best work was behind him by then.
66. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words “a pack rat” (para. 1)?
A. a person who doesn’t waste anything B. a person who cannot be relied on
C. a person who likes to collect rubbish D. a person who enjoys collecting things
67. How many of Hemingway’s works are mentioned in this passage?
A. 4 B. 5 C.6 D.7
68. We can conclude from the Morgan show that sometimes Hemingway was a person .
A. unconfident but full of inspirations B. stubborn but full of enthusiasm about love
C. casual but full of heroism D. bad-tempered but full of strange habits
69. What does the writer truly mean by saying “Hemingway before he became Hemingway”?
A. Hemingway wrote many masterpieces before he killed himself.
B. Hemingway was once a war correspondent before he became a famous writer.
C. Hemingway devoted all his strengths to writing before he won the Nobel Prize.
D. Hemingway kept exploring the world and adjusting himself before he became a
commanding figure in literature.
70. According to the Morgan show, readers are likely to see in Hemingway’s works.
① tough men who can’t be defeated ② anti-war fighters
③ the dark side of the world as well as its beauty
④ love affairs between a man and a woman ⑤ the story of a family business
A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ①⑤ D. ③⑤
第 II 卷(非选择题， 共35分)
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10 years, a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded.
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study, which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001, and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions. The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy, in control, relaxed and stressed, and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure, diabetes, depression or anxiety.
When the answers were analyzed statistically, unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death. It is not clear whether the findings apply to men.
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500,000 women who reported that they were in good health, with no history of heart disease, cancer, or stroke. A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy, he said, but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy.
“This finding refutes(驳斥)the large effects of unhappiness and stress on deathrate that others have claimed,” Dr. Peto said. Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly, but it can do harm in other ways, by driving people to suicide, alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors, he warned.
This type of study, in which people involved depends on their self-assessments, is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group. But the huge number of people in this study gives it power. Still, some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced(细微的)and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness.
“I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness,” said Baruch Fischhoff, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University.
The results of earlier studies have been mixed, with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link, Dr. Fischhoff said. “It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal,” he said. However, an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods.
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted. “People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks,” he said.
第五部分 书面表达(满分25分)
81.请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的英语短文。
Editor's note:China is the top country of origin for international students in the US, with more than 274,000 Chinese students reportedly accounting for 31percent of all international students at US universities.Many Chinese parents save up a lot of money for their children to pursue an overseas education. Is it worth spending big to study abroad? You are welcome to leave your comments.
Arsa(Russia):I went to study abroad when I was 17. First year was a total waste as I met plenty of Russian students in my collage and we spent most of our time shopping and hanging out at cafes.It wasn't until two years later that I realized that my English hadn't improved.I changed my mindset entirely and started studying hard.I ended up staying in UK for 10 years, which opened a lot of doors and introduced me to great people,so I'm all for studying abroad.
Truth(US):There is an assumption that American education is the best in the word,so Chinese parents are pushing their kids to American collages. And some are even sending their children overseas at junior or high school level. I often think this is a mistake as the education a Chinese child gets in a foreign country is very different from what they are used to and they often struggle Some students have trouble understanding their lecturers and their assignments keep coming back with poor scores.
[写作内容]
1.用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1)支持或反对“国外留学”;
(2)用2至3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据;
2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句;
3.作文中不能出现其真实姓名和学校名称;
4.不必写标题
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考答案
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)
1—5 ACABB 6—10 ABCAC 11—15 ACABA 16—20 CACBA
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
21—25 DDACB 26—30 CABBC 31—35 DBDBA
第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
36—40 BADCB 41—45 BCADC 46—50 BCACD 51—55 DCAAB
第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
56—57 BA 58—61 DBCC 62—65 CDCB 66—70 DCADA
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
71. Necessarily 72. Subjects/ Participants 73. Procedure/Steps
74. analyses 75. tend 76. account/make
77. confirmed/ proved 78. Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknesses
79. assess/ evaluate 80. hardly
第五部分：书面表达(满分25分)
(赞成)More and more Chinese parents prefer to send their children to study abroad, assuming that their children can receive the best education despite heavy financial burdens. People’s opinions on this vary. (31 words)
I think it makes good sense to send children to study abroad for the following reasons. First, when studying abroad, children are exposed to a different culture, which will help broaden their horizons and provide them with a chance to improve their foreign language. Second, living apart from their family, children can learn to adapt to the new environment and live on their own. Last but not the least, faced with fierce competition in a job market, a person owning a foreign diploma can have an edge over others.
In summary, it goes without saying that studying abroad is an excellent experience from which children can benefit a lot, so if possible, children should make the most of the great chance. (151 words)
(反对)More and more Chinese parents prefer to send their children to study abroad, assuming that their children can receive the best education despite heavy financial burdens. People’s opinions on this vary. (31 words)
I don’t think it is a wise option to send children to foreign countries for education, especially those at junior or senior level. For one thing, we have good universities in China where students can receive an equally good education and therefore owning a foreign diploma doesn’t necessarily mean an edge over others in hunting for jobs. For another, so high is the tuition that not every family can afford it. Besides, finding it hard to adapt to the new environment, some students feel depressed or even drop out without achieving anything.
Whether to send children to study abroad is a vital decision worthy of careful consideration. It is not where to study but how to study well that really makes a difference. (154 words)
