学习啦>生活课堂>节日知识>24节气>冬至>

传统节日冬至的来历

华华分享

  冬至,是我国农历中一个非常重要的节气,也是一个传统节日,至今仍有不少地方有过冬至节的习俗。冬至俗称“冬节”、“长至节”、“亚岁”等。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代,我国已经用土圭观测太阳测定出冬至来了,它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个。这些传统节日的来历你知道多少呢?

  传统节日:冬至的来源(双语)

  简介:冬至,是我国农历中一个非常重要的节气,也是一个传统节日,至今仍有不少地方有过冬至节的习俗。冬至俗称“冬节”、“长至节”、“亚岁”等。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代,我国已经用土圭观测太阳测定出冬至来了,它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个。时间在每年的阳历12月22日或者23日之间。

  冬至是北半球全年中白天最短、黑夜最长的一天,过了冬至,白天就会一天天变长。古人对冬至的说法是:阴极之至,阳气始生,日南至,日短之至,日影长之至,故曰“冬至”。冬至过后,各地气候都进入一个最寒冷的阶段,也就是人们常说的“进九”,我国民间有“冷在三九,热在三伏”的说法。现代天文科学测定,冬至日太阳直射南回归线,阳光对北半球最倾斜,北半球白天最短,黑夜最长,这天之后,太阳又逐渐北移。

  在我国古代对冬至很重视,冬至被当作一个较大节日,曾有“冬至大如年”的说法,而且有庆贺冬至的习俗。《汉书》中说:“冬至阳气起,君道长,故贺。”人们认为:过了冬至,白昼一天比一天长,阳气回升,是一个节气循环的开始,也是一个吉日,应该庆贺。《晋书》上记载有“魏晋冬至日受万国及百僚称贺……其仪亚于正旦。”说明古代对冬至日的重视。

  现在,一些地方还把冬至作为一个节日来过。北方地区有冬至宰羊,吃饺子、吃馄饨的习俗,南方地区在这一天则有吃冬至米团、冬至长线面的习惯。各个地区在冬至这一天还有祭天祭祖的习俗。

  As early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), China had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing movements of the sun with a sundial. It is the earliest of the 24 seasonal division points. The time will be each December 22 or 23 according to the Gregorian calendar.

  The Northern hemisphere on this day experiences the shortest daytime and longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and longer. As ancient Chinese thought, the yang, or muscular, positive things will become stronger and stronger after this day, so it should be celebrated.The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). The Han people regarded Winter Solstice as a "Winter Festival", so officials would organize celebrating activities. On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest. The army was stationed in, frontier fortresses closed and business and traveling stopped. Relatives and friends presented to each other delicious food. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to offer scarifies to Heaven and ancestors. Emperors would go to suburbs to worship the Heaven; while common people offered sacrifices to their deceased parents or other relatives. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) even had the record that "Winter Solstice is as formal as the Spring Festival," showing the great importance attached to this day.

  In some parts of Northern China, people eat dumpling soup on this day; while residents of some other places eat dumplings, saying doing so will keep them from frost in the upcoming winter. But in parts of South China, the whole family will get together to have a meal made of red-bean and glutinous rice to drive away ghosts and other evil things. In other places, people also eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour. The Winter Solstice rice dumplings could be used as sacrifices to ancestors, or gifts for friends and relatives. The Taiwan people even keep the custom of offering nine-layer cakes to their ancestors. They make cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam them on different layers of a pot. These animals all signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition. People of the same surname or family clan gather at their ancestral temples to worship their ancestors in age order. After the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand banquet.

  中华传统节日-冬至的由来和习俗

  冬至为二十四节气之一,并且是最重要的节气之一。冬至是按天文划分的节气,古称“日短”、“日短至”。冬至这天,太阳位于黄经270度,阳光几乎直射南回归线,是北半球一年中白昼最短的一天,相应的,南半球在冬至日时白昼全年最长。

  冬至一般在公历十二月二十一日或二十二日。在我国古代对冬至很重视,冬至被当作一个较大节日,曾有“冬至大如年”的说法,而且有庆贺冬至的习俗。 冬至过节源于汉代,盛于唐宋,相沿至今。《清嘉录》甚至有“冬至大如年”之说。人们认为冬至是阴阳二气的自然转化,是上天赐予的福气,。汉朝以冬至为“冬节”,官府要举行祝贺仪式称为“贺冬”,例行放假。 《汉书》中说:“冬至阳气起,君道长,故贺。”《后汉书》中有这样的记载:“冬至前后,君子安身静体,百官绝事,不听政,择吉辰而后省事。” 《晋书》上记载有“魏晋冬至日受万国及百僚称贺……其仪亚于正旦。”所以这天朝庭上下要放假休息,军队待命,边塞闭关,商旅停业,亲朋各以美食相赠,相互拜访,欢乐地过一个“安身静体”的节日。

  唐、宋时期,冬至是祭天祭祀祖的日子,皇帝在这天要到郊外举行祭天大典,百姓在这一天要向父母尊长祭拜,现在仍有一些地方在冬至这天过节庆贺。

  冬至经过数千年发展,形成了独特的节令食文化。诸如馄饨、饺子、汤圆、赤豆粥、黍米糕等都可作为年节食品。曾较为时兴的“冬至亚岁宴”的名目也很多,如吃冬至肉、献冬至盘、供冬至团、馄饨拜冬等。

  较为普遍的有冬至吃馄饨的风俗。早在南宋时,临安人就在冬至吃馄饨,开始是为了祭祀祖先,后逐渐盛行开来,民间有“冬至馄饨夏至面”之说。馄饨发展至今,更成为名号繁多,制作各异,鲜香味美,遍布全国各地,深受人们喜爱的著名小吃。馄饨名号繁多,江浙等大多数地方称馄饨,而广东则称云吞,湖北称包面,江西称清汤,四川称抄手,新疆称曲曲等等。

  河南人冬至吃饺子之习俗,俗称吃“捏冻耳朵”。相传南阳医圣张仲景,曾在长沙为官,他告老还乡那天,适逢大雪纷飞,寒风刺骨的冬至。他看见南阳白河两岸的乡亲衣不遮体,食不果腹,还有不少人的耳朵被冻烂了,心里非常焦虑。于是他就吩咐随行人员在南阳关东搭起医棚,用羊肉、辣椒和一些驱寒药材放置锅里煮熟,捞出来剁碎,用面皮包成像耳朵的样子,再放入锅里煮熟,做成一种叫做“驱寒矫耳汤”的药物施舍给百姓吃。服食后,乡亲们的耳朵奇迹般地都治好了。后来,每逢冬至这天,人们便模仿做着吃,故而形成“捏冻耳朵”的习俗。后来人们称它为“饺子”,或称为 “扁食”和“烫面饺”。

  吃汤圆也是冬至的传统习俗,在江南尤为盛行。“汤圆”是冬至必备的食品,是一种用糯米粉制成的圆形甜品,“圆”意味着“团圆”“圆满”,冬至吃汤圆又叫“冬至团”。民间有“吃了汤圆大一岁”之说。冬至团可以用来祭祖,也可用于互赠亲朋。旧时上海人最讲究吃汤团。古人有诗云:“家家捣米做汤圆,知是明朝冬至天。”

  北方还有不少地方,在冬至这一天有吃狗肉和羊肉的习俗,因为冬至过后天气进入最冷的时期,中医认为羊肉狗肉都有壮阳补体有功效,民间至今有冬至有进补的习俗。

  在台湾还保存着冬至用九层糕祭祖的传统,用糯米粉捏成鸡、鸭、龟、猪、牛、羊等象征吉祥中意福禄寿的动物,然后用蒸笼分层蒸成,用以祭祖,以示不忘老祖宗。同姓同宗者于冬至或前后约定之早日,集到祖祠中照长幼之序,一一祭拜祖先,俗称“祭祖”。祭典之后,还会大摆宴席,招待前来祭祖的宗亲们。大家开怀畅饮,相互联络久别生疏的感情,称之为“食祖。”冬至节祖先,在台湾一直世代相传,以示不忘自己的“根”。

  在江南水乡,有冬至之夜全家欢聚一堂共吃赤豆糯米饭的习俗。相传,共工氏有不才子,作恶多端,死于冬至这一天,死后变成疫鬼,继续残害百姓。但是,这个疫鬼最怕赤豆,于是,人们就在冬至这一天煮吃赤豆饭,用以驱避疫鬼,防灾祛病。

  姑苏地区对冬至这一节气非常重视,姑苏地区有俗语云:“冬至如大年”。传统的姑苏人家,会在冬至夜喝冬酿酒,冬酿酒是一种米酒,加入桂花酿造,香气宜人。姑苏百姓在冬至夜畅饮冬酿酒的同时,还会配以卤牛肉、卤羊肉等各式各样的卤菜。在寒冷的冬天,冬酿酒不仅能够驱寒,更是寄托了姑苏人对生活的一种美好的祈愿。

  冬至是一个内容丰富的节日,据传,冬至在历史上的周代是新年元旦,曾经是个很热闹的日子。在今天江南一带仍有:吃了冬至夜饭长一岁的说法,俗称“添岁”。


传统节日相关文章:

1.传统节日与传统文化活动

2.中国传统节日的美丽传说

3.我喜欢的传统节日之中秋节

4.中国传统节日传说故事

5.弘扬传统文化 传承传统节日

    4025721