初二英语下册知识点归纳有哪些(2)
2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
34. be in college 在上大学
35. live on a space station 住在空间站
36. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰
37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵
38. come true 变成现实
39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间
40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣
41. over and over again 一次又一次
42. be in different shapes 形状不同
43. twenty years from now 今后20年
【本单元目标句型】
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future. l fewer; less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.
6. I will be able to dress more casually.
7. I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.
【知识归纳】
形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：
a)表示A与B在程度上相同b)时，c) “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d)如B时，e)可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
f)表示A比B在程度上“更„..”时，g)可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
h)表示三者或三者以上的比较，i)其中一个在程度上“最„..”时，j)常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，k)后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.) l)在形容词或副词的比较级前，m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，n)以加强语气。
o)表示“越来越„.”时，p)常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，q)但要注意，r)对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，s)副词而t)言，u)若要表达此意时，v)要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
w)在表示“其中最„.之一“的含义时，x)常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名y)词复z)数”结构，aa)其中的定冠词the不bb)可以省略。
cc)如果强调“两者中比较„的(一个)”的意思时，dd)可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
ee)表示“越„.越„.”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，ff)the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2 .一般将来时
一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll， will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下： 肯定句否定句疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but„.”
6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。 Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此„.以至于„”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such„that„和so„that„都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so，不用such.
当little表示“年纪小的”时，可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能，会”，表示能力，在这个意义上与can的意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态，主要体现在be的变化。
两者在用法上有一些差异：can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。
【重点语法】
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：
1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;
4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do„ 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day
比较be going to 与will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
(1)will+主语+do„? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be „?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not (won’t)+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词+will+主语+„?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
第二单元重点总结
一丶重点短语
1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。
2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either.他没有钱，我也没有。 I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 ② too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)
I’m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师，他也是老师。
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要„„
Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
4.the same as... 与„„相同 (注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致)
The clothes are the same as my friends'.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5.except 除„„以外;(不包括„„在内)
My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全体同学都去过公园了。
They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
注意区别：besides 除„„以外，还有...(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我们也都去了。
(= He went there.We went there, too.) 他也去了，我们也去了!/大家都去了!
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访客 (加上我是6个)
6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache.我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。
注意：What’s the matter with you?= What’s wrong with you ?=What’s the trouble with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?
7.get on(well) with sb.与某人相处(融洽)
get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好
The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。 How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ? These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.
这些天，格林先生的工作进展很顺利
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue.
三、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 (借回来)
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 (借出去)
注： borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car?
=Could you lend your car to me?
请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?
2. ①get sb. to do„ 使„„做(以人为对象时，有“说服„„使做„„”的含义) He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。 You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do„ 邀请(人)做„„
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do„让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
四、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
On the phone 在电话里 。不能使用 in the phone、
eg. They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.
他们昨天在电话里谈了很多
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意to 译为：...的) eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (经过某人的研究、努力)发现，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)
此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else 别的什么， Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 (即 ：主语+动词)
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
请背熟以下两个常见结构： I don’t know what to do .我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
leave sth. +介词短语，是“把„„忘在，落在(某处)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意to 译为：...的) eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (经过某人的研究、努力)发现，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)
此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else 别的什么， Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 (即 ：主语+动词)
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
请背熟以下两个常见结构： I don’t know what to do .我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
leave sth. +介词短语，是“把„„忘在，落在(某处)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
初二下册英语重点句型归纳总结
Unit 1 What's the matter?
1. What's the matter with you?
= What'the trouble with you?
= What's wrong with you?
你怎么了?
2. What should she do?
她该怎么办呢?
3.Should I take my temperature?
我应该量一下体温吗?
4.You should lie down and rest.
你应该躺下休息一会儿。
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.
她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book.
从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.
在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1.Could you please clean your room?
你能整理一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work.
我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer?
我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores.
我不喜欢做杂务。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. I studied until mid night last night so I did n't get enough sleep.
我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don't you forget about it?
你为什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal.
虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. Maybe you could go to his house.
也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him.
我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. — What were you doing at eight last night?
昨晚8点你在干什么?
— I was taking a shower.
我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么?
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.
这些(山)太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest.
你们到达森林之后才能吃。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma?
珠穆朗玛峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.
虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
1.— Have you read little Women yet?
你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't.
是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic.
是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
1. Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?
2.Let's go somewhere different today.
我们今天去过不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way.
科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore!
不管你喜欢印度食品，西方食品还是日本食品，在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore.
最好游览新加坡
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家乡，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣，但是，说实在的，我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是否曾经想过要举办，一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱?
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