托福写作_独立写作“三选一”类型题目，到底怎么写?
托福写作中，三选一类型的题目频繁出现，让很多同学不知所措。今天，我们就来看一下，这种类型的题目在写作中，都有哪些常见的误区，和应该如何破题。
托福写作|独立写作“三选一”类型题目，到底怎么写?
我们以这道三选一的题目为例，进行分析：
Which do you think is the most important factor that affects the lasting time of a friendship?
1. helping each other in crisis
2. having similar interests
3. trusting each other completely
你认为哪个是影响友谊长久的最重要因素?
1. 在危机中互相帮助
2. 有共同兴趣爱好
3. 完全信任彼此
我们来看一位同学如何展开这篇作文的：
他选择的是“2. 有共同兴趣”
理由1：有共同兴趣，可以经常在一起做喜欢的事
理由2: 有共同兴趣，可以互相理解
乍一看，是不是觉得挺对很有道理呀?这样写，对于目标22以上的学生，其实是没太大问题的，但是如果你期望自己写作至少26分以上，独立写作拿到good，那就有问题了!
大家观察一下，这样的题目，除了明显的从三择一这个特点，还有什么特征呢?
注意，此题中有 “most important” 这样一个绝对词，而类似的题目中，也都有best, most useful 等等的关键词。所谓most，best，学过小学英语的同学都知道，这是形容词最高级，最高也就意味着有得有比较。
也就是说，我选了2，还得提1和3，对吗?
对!!!
好，接下来，不少同学又犯难了。我觉得3个选项都挺好的，我找不出2同时比1和3都好的两个理由呀?
这个时候怎么办呢?的确，很多时候，我们很难找到2-3个理由来说明我们所选择的同时要优于其他两个选项。但是退而求其次，我们可以理由段展开时，先写“2比1重要”写一段，再写“2比3重要”再来一段，这样就可以既符合题目要求，又降低写作的难度啦。
比如，再这个题目中，我们可以写：
1. 有共同兴趣比在危机中互相帮助重要。因为如果有共同兴趣，可以经常在一起;而危机可能很少会碰到，即使危机中互相帮助过，时间久了也就慢慢淡忘了。
2. 有共同兴趣比完全信任彼此重要。有共同兴趣，才能有共同语言，互相理解;如果只是完全信任，但却话不投机，最终并不能长久。
哈哈，不知这样讲解之后?大家的思路是不是打开了一些呢?下面附上近期的三选一写作题目，供大家多多练习，打开思路!
10.28
Which is the most important thing for a country's leader to assure the prosperity of the country:
1. Creating more jobs for unemployed workers
2. Enhancing agriculture and lowering the food prices
3. Increasing access to affordable housing
10.27
Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends:
1. joining a sports team
2. participating in community activities
3. travelling
9.16
People nowadays are busier than ever in work and school. They want to spend more time to learn new things. Which one will you choose to learn?
1. Learn a new sport that you have never played before
2. Learn to cook food that you haven’t prepared before
3. Learn to make something by hand, like clothing or jewelry
3.31
People in communities can make decisions that protect and improve the natural environment. Which ONE of the following three actions is MOST useful for people to do if they want to help the environment in their local community? Why?
1. Planting trees and create parks
2. Persuading local shops to stop providing plastic bags to customers
3. Increasing access to public transportation (for example, buses or trains) to reduce the number of automobiles on local roads
3.10
Which one is the most important factor to help you work productively?
1. Having an environment which is free of noise and distractions.
2. Knowing that you will receive a reward.
3. Doing something you are interested in.
1.27
Which one of the reason is most important in helping students to study in colleges and universities?
1. Having access to the university tutors who can provide individual instructions for the students who have difficulty in study.
2. Having the help and encouragement from the family and friends.
3. Having excellent teachers in high-school who can help the students before the university.
怎样才让你的托福写作更出彩
因此在论证完整充分的情况下如何使我们的托福写作作文中体现多样性成了托福写作获得高分的一个关键。
在托福的教学中，常常会听到学生抱怨不知该如何写好一篇作文。过去半年，托福的大作文话题相对集中，一些考生在考试时信心十足，认为自己字数足够、思路清晰、论据完整充分，应该能拿到高分。但成绩一出来，却不尽如人意，没有预期中好。于是他们产生了疑问，到底怎么样才能让考官给高分?经过对评分标准所提的要求的分析后，才发现原来自己的不足是在多样性上。众所周知，托福写作的四个评分标准中Grammatical Ranges and Accuracy, Lexical Resources充分体现了托福写作的基础点也是加分点为词汇和语法的多样性。本文将对此进行讨论并提出关于如何做到托福写作多样性的一些建议。
1. 词汇语法多样性的体现
1). 词性的多样性。
有调查指出，中国学生在作文中最常出现的词性为动词，因为我们脑中时刻紧记着以前语文老师要求的只有用动词才能写出生动的文章，才能体现我们的博览群书。然而英语(论坛)中却不尽然。通过对大多高分范文的分析，不难发现，除了动词词组的运用，各种的名词的使用更得考官的青睐，更能体现外国人的文风。拿小作文的发展趋势做例子，大家都知道增加、降低等动词的表达，如increase steadily, decrease sharply等，但转换一种方式用名词的形式表达，就更显得多样了,如experience a steady increase, undergo a sharp decrease。而如"surface"一词，学生经常只会用它的名词用法“......的表面”，却从来不用它的动词形式。如果你留心原版杂志和阅读材料,它的动词用法无处不在。例如"The fact of his plan surfaced"这里的"surface"就相当于 "appear"。所以不管什么词性，只要用了不能的表达方法，其结果都是不同的。当然是指正确的表达方法。
2). 同义词多样性。
在写作中，如果一个相同的词在250字的文中出现了不下三次，那么作为学生自己，也会觉得自己的文章没有可看性，更别提考官，可见此学生语言功底一般，又怎么拿得到高分。而如果一篇文章，关于同个词却有三四中表达方法，无疑给这篇文章加分不少。其实同义词也是展现一个学生英语水平的一个媒介。中国学生最常用的形容词就是good, 不管是修饰什么名词，用上再说，殊不知这已经给这篇文章打了个相对低的起评分，所以如何来表达不同的“好”呢?我们就可以用excellent, marvellous, gorgeous, splendid, wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越来越多”就用 “more and more” 尝试用 “an increasing number” 这样不同的词来表达，势必会给平淡的文章增添亮点。
3). 句式结构的多样性
用丰富多彩的句型，也是托福写作能得高分的标准之一。例如有这样一个句型："If we don't recognize the..."我们是否可以替换为："Failure to recognize..."，再如 “sth. happened in 1998.” 我们也可以替换为 “1998 saw sth happening.” 这样显得更加的地道。此处还推荐学生能用不同的从句写出漂亮的句子，为文章加分。当然，这并不是意味着整篇文章都是复合句或并列句，如果能很好的做到长短句结合，使文章通顺连贯，也是能得到考官喜欢的。
2. 几点建议
在简单介绍了词汇语法多样性的体现后，我将提出几点建议，促进考生在备考中做好准备。
1). 做好词汇短语的积累工作。很多考生有这样一个误区，他们认为只要背了某些参考书上所谓的模板，再积累些论据，写作的问题就迎刃而解了，殊不知，却得到了本文开始的结果。当然这里的积累并非死记硬背，而是通过将一个单词的不同形式，以及其同义表达等放在一起记忆就事半功倍。若遇到一个新词，就要在脑中搜寻它的相关信息，这样一来，就能在考试这么短的时间中马上浮现了。但是一次的记忆是远远不够的，所以适时的重复记忆也非常重要。
2). 多看高分范文，并对其中的词汇句型多样性进行总结。考生在备考过程中看范文时往往只是从整体上学习了其论据的安排，而忽略了细节的词汇句型的运用，所以教师在上课时也要合理安排时间，将一部分用在对其的讲解上。学生最好准备一本笔记本专门用做记录好词好句和其转换形式。
3). 加强练习。经常有学生问，作文提高是不是只要多写几篇就可以了，其实答案是否定的。我这里所指的加强练习是在一定的基础之上的，即学生已经基本掌握了托福写作的各项要求。那么这样练习才能有的放矢。通过几次的练习，能检查出学生多样性的掌握情况，并对症下药，了解不足处，在真正考试中能突围而出。
托福写作向来是托福考试四项中最难的，最能体现考生语言功底的，而词汇与句型的多样性正是它具体的体现。写作和阅读戚戚相关，也建议学生能多阅读外文杂志报纸，原著等，在阅读时，要注意外国人是如何遣词造句的，尤其是词性用法的多样性。希望教师和考生们共同努力，将写作水平拉上一个档次。
托福写作必知的一般规则及常识
1.直接引语中，句首字母要大写。例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment.”“那么，”我说，“你准弄错了。这封信并不在那栋房子里。”
2.星期、月份名称的第一个字母要大写，但季节第一个字母不大写。例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型节日名称的第一个实词的第一字母都要大写。如：Children‘s Day儿童节，National Day国庆节， Teachers’ Day教师节。
4.由普通名词构成的专有名词词组，除其中的冠词、较短的介词和连词外，每个词的第一字母都要大写。例如：the Great Wall长城，the UnitedStates美国。
5.大型会议、文件、条约名称的每个实词(虚词：副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词则不用大写)的第一个字母都要大写。书名、报刊名应大写首字母，文章标题中的每一个实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：China Daily《中国日报》，New York Times《纽约时报》，Their Class《他们的班级》(文章标题)，the Warsaw Treaty《华沙条约》， 实例：English Coaching Paper《英语辅导报》。
6.诗歌的每一行的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。
7. 表示称呼语或职务的词首字母要大写。实例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Li李博士
托福写作范文：人们购买东西是出于虚荣而非需求，是否认同?
写作题目
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them. 人们买一些东西并不是出于需求，而是因为其他人也拥有它们，是否认同?
写作范文
In recent decades, international trades and improving living standards have largely contributed to the large scale of purchase of products. The reason behind this commercial behaviors either comes from individual’s needs for them or from envy of those who have already possessed them. From my perspective, the essential motive behind the scene would be for individual purposes.
Admittedly, people would sometimes buy the products because friends or classmates have them. it is not rare to see that after a high school studens has bought a newly-released iPad and bring it to the class, other friends would be at first gathering around him to witness how the product runs and then beg their parents to buy the one for them. For them, buying the newest generation iPad might bring them attention from others, which has nothing to do with the functionality of product. However, on balance, this only happens for within a small number of people, especially young students and women. For other consumers, they would be wise in choosing what they want. In this regard, more people are buying products out of their needs.
To begin with, for college students, they are inclined to buy what they really want. In other words, due to limited living expenses monthly, most of them could not buy whatever they want. According to the recent survey conducted on Sina Weibo, after polling 500 students in universities from Beijing, most of them claim that each month they have to manage their living expenses within 1500 yuan. Not only does this sum of money have to cover meal bills, clothing and fees for textbooks, but it also have to deal with emergencies. Under this circumstance, normally they have to make a plan for money use, and try to avoid buying things with little practical use. This explains why college students in Beijing rarely buy the newest generation of iPhone or pay for monthly travel, and they have to put the money either on textbooks or living necessities.
In addition, male adults are another group of consumers who make purchase based on real needs. For example, for those who decide to buy a car, the motive is mostly because the car could help family member to tackle emergencies or drive them to the suburb for a relaxing weekend. Also, for those who decide to equip with a new Macbook, the motive might have something to do with work requirement, which asks them to process the data faster and more accurately. Moreover, for those who deicide to spend money on applying for MBA in business school, the motive might be related to career development. A wider caree insight cultivated from MBA would give them a broader window of success in the work. Seeing from this, it is the utilitarian purpose that makes male adults buy real products.
To sum up, although it is normal to see some customers making impulsive purchase since, most of the rational customers would buy products out of their needs.
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