如何正确使用托福写作机经
机经无非就是考生考后的真题回忆，那么我们应该如何正确使用托福写作机经呢？下面小编给大家分享一下！
如何正确使用托福写作机经
机经其实是不应该出现的，因为我们在参加托福考试之前，需要先签订保密协议，同意绝不将试题透露给任何第三方。尽管如此，还是有许多“热心”的同学愿意在网络上回顾、分享考过的试题，这也就给后来参加考试的同学提供了一个提前熟悉可能会考到的题目的机会。说到机经，就不得不提一下关于“趋势”这个话题。每每有同学问我托福写作的趋势是什么，我可能憋了很长时间，最终也只会憋出两个字来，那就是重复。所以，趋势听起来算是一个伪命题，因为托福考试一定还会重复考那些曾经考过的那些题目。这也是为什么很多同学在考试之前都会寻求机经的帮助。但是有了机经并不就意味着有了定心丸，今天我想跟大家谈谈如何正确地看待机经。
我自己有很多学生在考试之前都会看机经，而他们对待机经的方法，特别是写作部分，就是罗列提纲。把这个文章的Topic Sentence，也就是主题句和分论点都写好。同学们，如果你这是这样去处理机经，那么机经对你的帮助是接近于零的。
首先大家要清楚机经的有效性和局限性在哪里。很多学生对机经的有效性的认为是：机经就是提前看过写作的题目，机经的预测范围内要求详细准备的题目也就十几、二十个，虽然可能有不同的机经版本，但是最后要准备也就20个左右，即便是大范围的预测(60多个、70多个)，重点需要准备的也就是20个左右，甚至还有10个或者5个。同学们，如果你的托福写作已经考了25分以上，但想取得接近满分成绩，那你就不能是看机经准备内容;如果你现在的写作分数是18分左右，或者更低，目标是考到23分以上就谢天谢地了，那么你的目标才是看机经准备好内容。
为什么会有这个差异呢?难道那些水平比较高的同学就不用准备这些内容吗?同学们注意，在托福写作的评分过程中，不同的分数段关注的内容是不一样的。一个连文章都写不全的(常见于17或者18分左右、就是没有到达20分的)同学在写文章的时候往往只有一个分论点，这个分论点特别的长，或者这个文章只有两个分论点，第二个点和第一个点还有大量的重合。这样的文章内容结构都不完整，即便翻译成中文也是看不过去的。所以对于每次看到这个题目都不知道该写什么东西的同学，一定要把内容准备好，不仅要列提纲，连分论点下面的例子是什么，如何论证它，都必须要罗列出来。
而对于水平比较高的同学，比如说已经考了25分左右准备冲击满分的同学，往往是文章内容已经存在了，已经完整了，可能不够优异或者高级。这种同学不需要额外准备内容，你可以使用你原有的、完整但是看起来并不是那么高大上的内容来组织你的文章，依旧可以取得比较高的分数。
有一点可能大家比较难以相信的是，举最土的例子也可以取得高分。在托福的写作部分，你可以使用那些最土的，比如说爱迪生、伽利略这样的例子。我相信很多同学都会笑，这些是太熟悉的例子，都已经被写烂了。这种例子在考试的时候能不能写?可以写，而且我推荐你们写，因为这种例子不需要准备，内容就特别完整。要知道，在高分数段里面，内容是不重要的，重要的是语言，那么你用什么语言来表达这个例子就显得额外重要。因为参加托福考试的，可能是初中生、高中生、大学生、研究生、博士生，不同知识水平的同学会同时参加托福考试，对同一个题目写出来的文章内容深度肯定会有所差别。评分人会额外注意，不会依据考生写的内容好玩、生僻、是否有说服力的程度来评判分数，而只能依据语言，所以有内容就可以。我的这个说法可能特别奇怪，有内容使得你的文章完整就可以了，不需要追求内容是否高大上。也没有必要去搜索一些英语百科网站来丰富自己的内容，让自己的内容显得高大上。即便你举了一个特别生僻的小故事，而别人举了一个爱迪生的故事，只要语言好也可以把分数提上去。
另外一个观点是综合写作没有用。这个观点其实是错误的。很多人在准备机经的时候，是完全不看综合写作部分，有的同学觉得看综合写作部分的机经没有用，这个是不对的。很多同学准备机经的时候，只准备独立写作机经，独立写作机经要不要准备?我刚才已经说过了，对于不同的学生，准备的方向是不一样的。确实准备一下是可以的。那综合写作的机经要不要准备?同学们是一定要准备的。对于综合写作部分，真正准备过的同学应该可以很轻松的拿到分数。因为综合写作里面没有那么关注语言。其实对于综合写作，应该额外地关注机经，把相应的语言点都描述到。对于机经来说，很多同学都搞错了范围。真正每一个人都要使用的是综合写作的机经
托福写作备考策略之独立话题
1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?
2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
Build a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.
6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.
7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
10.People spend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.
14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.
16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.
实用方法介绍
丨1.常用论点/理由
针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也可以划为政府类，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)
1)个人类常用理由
学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..
工作机会、赚钱…….
交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….
身体健康、放松心情…….
省时间、省钱、省精力………..
2)古今类常用理由
现代社会的优点：
教育: 先进全面鼓励个性
工作：种类丰富机会多
医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病
技术：网络电子产品汽车
公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮
法律制度：保障个人权利
媒体：揭露真相传播信息
人与人：互动频繁、方便
经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助
世界和平：更少的战争伤亡
现代社会的缺点：
环境问题(污染，能源消耗)
生活压力(学习，工作)
欺骗敲诈
3)决策类常用思路
注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：
1.大众 individuals
对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)
是不是我们每个人都需要的?(大多数/ 小众)
2. 相关群体relativegroups
题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等
3. 企业companies
企业有钱，可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域
4. 社会 Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …
丨2.对比段
通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写3段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出2个理由的时候，可以写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨3.让步段
除了对比段之外，让步段也可以解决只有2个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨4.拆分法/分情况讨论
针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题，我们可以分情况讨论，或者对于关键词进行定义和拆分，在更加具体的情况下方便论证。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨5.检验论点
没有标准答案，这是独立解题最自由的地方。但这并不意味着什么样的理由都可以作为论点并且展开段落的。课堂上，一些学生可以马上相处三个理由，但仔细探究，可能只有一个理由是可以作为论点的。
这里说一下三个检验标准：1.支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3. 易于展开
丨6.灵活调整
根据ETS的出题，我们知道，题目是千变万化的，为了帮助学生更好的应对，老师们会总结出一些实用方法，对学生来说，比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是，在题目的练习中，去运用这些方法，并且灵活的调整。
如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题，那么就放弃这个理由;
如果只想出两个理由，那么可以加一个让步段或者对比段;
如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难，可以试着拆分法;
如果完全同意/不同意很难，可以试着两边倒;
如果题目中有绝对词，可以部分同意/不同意。
... ...
实用方法在题目中的具体运用
使用第一部分的9月机经部分题目
1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do youprefer and why?
观点：small assignments
论点1：轻松
论点2：知识(学生复习;老师备课)
论点3：对比段/让步段
2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
观点：agree
论点1：来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极
论点2：员工的参与促进想法的完善
论点3：对比段
3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
1)Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
2)Build asports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
版本A：
观点：选1)
论点1：relaxing
论点2：used byeveryone
论点3：让步段(承认2的好处指出显著缺点即优惠了一小部分人不公平)
版本B：
观点：选2)
论点1：healthy
论点2：mentality
论点3：补充建议(允许周末开放给市民)
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle andhealthy eating.
观点：Disagree
论点1： knowledge 宣传健康饮食的知识( 课程广告 )
论点2： pressure 减少学习和工作压力
论点3： money 建设更多更便宜的运动场所减轻人们的经济负担
注：这道题，用个人类的常用理由就可以解决，那么久不用多角度思考了~
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they aretoday.
观点：Disagree
论点1：经济进步大家有时间和精力改善社区
论点2：沟通方便更好的解决社区问题
论点3：普遍受过教育有能力解决问题
注：三个古今类的常用理由，现代社会的优点
6.In the past, young people depended ontheir parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to makedecisions on their own.
观点：Agree
论点1：Internet –丰富信息
论点2：Education – 培养独立
论点3：对比段
7.It is betterto relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
版本A：
观点：Physical exercise
论点1：health
论点2：cooperation
论点3：make friends
论点4：release pressure
论点5：让步段/对比段
注：有些题目，可以相处很多个有效论点，那就选择自己觉得好写的展开～
版本B：
观点：TV book
论点1：convenience;
论点2：knowledge andinspiration
论点3：让步段/对比段
8.We shouldstate our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
观点：agree
论点1：家庭
论点2：朋友
论点3：学习/工作
注：用拆分法解这道题，即把说实话放在生活中的三大场景下，便于进行具体论证
9.In order tosucceed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
版本A：
观点：Bothimportant
论点1：知识– 独立解决问题&自信
论点2：适应能力–效率&轻松
注：两边倒的题目，两个支持对象的各写一段，每一段设立有1-2个小论点，这样不用担心字数~
版本B：
观点：Agree
论点1：get alongwith different people
论点2：learn newknowledge
论点3：adjustmentality
注：对适应能力进行拆分，解读成和不同的人相处的能力、学习新知识的能力、调整心态的能力，这些都比固有的接触知识更重要，因为，世界一直在变啊~
10.Peoplespend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
观点：Disagree
论点1：Relaxing
论点2：Improvefriendship
论点3： Learning
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
版本1：Agree 常用理由 -mood - efficiency - opportunity
版本2：Agree 拆分法- 家庭礼貌- 工作礼貌 - 社交礼貌
12.Technologydesigned to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
agree
1) car –traffic jam; air pollution
2) internet – too much information to handle; false and misleading
3) digital devices – distraction (music; games; chat; online shopping)
注：把technology 拆分成三个主要方面，汽车、互联网、电子设备
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to movies andprograms made in other countries.
观点：both interesting
Own country:1 共鸣理解2 喜欢的演员
Foreign country:1拓展视野2精彩的画面
14.It is asimportant for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
Agree
版本1：拆分法(对学习新知识诠释)
1 学习健康知识
2 培养爱好
3 学习使用电脑上网
版本2：常用理由
1 mentalhealth
2improve convenience
3communication with young people
15.To remainhappy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achievesuccess.
Agree
1)mentalhealth
2)stimulateimprovement
3 )让步段(承认成功是可喜的但是生活的常态就是一直失败、努力、克服苦难、获得成功，也就是说，成功是个结果，那么占据生活主要的是那个过程，所以为了健康以及持久的成功，乐观积极更重要)
16.It is importantto know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect yourpersonal life.
Agree
版本1：常用理由
1)relaxing
2)knowledge
3)communication
版本2：拆分法
1)medicalnews – health
2)political news – safety
3)economic news – money
托福独立写作素材：领导特质
托福写作素材:领导特质
What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.
托福独立写作范文：
The qualities of a good supervisor are too numerous to name. It also depends on the situation. Supervisors who work in an academic situation may have different qualities from those who work in a business company. Generally speaking, however, all good supervisors must have the qualities of effective communication, fair treatment, and role models.
First, a good supervisor communicates well. A supervisor gives instructions and directions to his or her supervisees as to what work to do and how to do it. Then instructions and directions must be clearly communicated so that they can be followed. If they are not clearly formulated and explained, the supervisees may feel at a loss at why they have to do something and how to do it. (I know of somebody who gets angry easily when his employees fail to follow his instructions. However, he often gives vague instructions and is unwilling to clarify his requirements, which makes it difficult for his supervisees to follow his instructions.) Thus, a good supervisor is effective in communicating his or her instructions and is willing to clarify things for his or her supervisees.
Second, a good supervisor shows fair treatment of employees. The supervisor treats all his or her employees with equal respect and shows no favoritism. Otherwise, some employees may have a sense of unfairness and demonstrate performance less than ideal. Even though the supervisor may have or develop some personal feelings about or personal relationship with an employee, he or she does not let such feelings or relationship affect his or her judgment and treatment of the person. Instead, the supervisor evaluates each employee’s performance against the same set of criteria and rewards or punishes each employee on the basis of objective assessment.
Finally, a good supervisor sets an example for employees. In other words, a good supervisor sets the standards for his or her employees by his or her own behavior. Well goes an English proverb, “Example is better than percept.” A good supervisor must do what he or she requires the subordinates to do. For example, if the supervisor works hard, it is likely that his or her employees will work diligently as well. Likewise, if the supervisor always gets work done on time, the employees must feel pressured to finish work on time, too. Therefore, a good supervisor acts professionally if he or she expects the supervisees to act in a professional way.
In short, the main qualities of a good supervisor are effective communication, fair treatment, and role models. Most supervisors have effective communication skills but sometimes forget fair treatment of employees or fail to set an example for them. Good supervisors should check themselves, every once in a while, to make sure that they are practicing these qualities.
如何正确使用托福写作机经相关文章：
1.托福写作机经汇总
