GRE阅读文章题源是哪里

很多考生对GRE阅读的文章来源有兴趣，纷纷猜测GRE阅读理解中的文章出处。不管怎么说，考生若是能够知道这些文章的出处对考生的阅读复习将很有帮助。在此就为考生讲讲GRE考试阅读文章是怎么来的。

GRE阅读文章题源在哪里?

1. 搜集“源文章”

出题机构一般有自己固定的信息源和搜集信息的渠道。如ETS使用一个名为Source Finder的软件在Internet上自动检索数字论文库EBSCO中的文献，并从中提炼出符合各种考试风格要求(比如GRE和TOEFL等)的样本GRE阅读文章。

2. 加工改写

出于版权限制，ETS用于实际的新GRE阅读考试的文章长度最多只能引用10%的原文长度。这种“带着镣铐跳舞”的结果是大量文章内容被改写，重写和删节。改写一般会大量使用分词及从句，使句子变得更紧凑、更严密。尽管改写后的文章会变得错综复杂，但出题机构会尽量保持文章中原有的鲜明态度以及较好的层次结构。如：文章一开始给出一个老观点，后来有人提出新观点，驳斥老观点，文章作者对这个新观点或完全同意、或持部分保留意见、或是做出有正有负的混合评价。

3. 设置出题点

出题机构一般会先出关于文章主题、套路、态度、结构以及与文章的主题有关的问题，再针对文中比较明确的内容出题。在出题方式上求新求变，一般会将原文中出现的词汇或句子换一种说法表达出来。最后再找一些极易被考生忽略的细节作为出题对象，以此提高考试难度，拉开考生的分数。

4.题材广泛，不拘一格

如前言中所说，GRE阅读理解的文章所涉及的题材有所区别，即GRE考试阅读没有管理类的文章，而这正是新GRE阅读经常出现的题材。但总的来说，它们所涉及的题材都十分广泛。

一般来说，GRE阅读文章可分为以下四类：人文类文章 (humanities)，自然科学类 (science)，社会科学类 (social science) 和商业管理类 (business)。

从GRE阅读文章选择可以看出，尽管GRE考试阅读文章涉及的学科众多，对这些杂乱的学科无需具备相应的知识，答案的重点均可在文章中找到。尊重新GRE阅读文章的字句，不自己杜撰、屏蔽信息，这个就是可以做出完美GRE阅读理解的重点。

GRE高频阅读：英国女演员地位

英国女演员地位

根据寂静“有一个讲 English Actress 的长阅读。 大致是分析为什么 1860(?记不清什么时候了)之后 English Actresses were accepted by the audiences. 段都是在讲几种解释，然后一一否定掉。第二段就给出了作者支持 的解释：好像是...差异来着忘了。第三段就记到说 King 通过影响 aristocrats 从而影响了 audiences 对 Actresses 的态度。有个题问道 King 的意义。”

原文应该是从Katharine Eisaman Maus的Playhouse Flesh and Blood": Sexual Ideology and the Restoration Actress (1979)中节选的。

文章谈到1660年个actress登台。尽管是重要的一步，但不是没有先例，e.g., Queen Henrietta Maria。是什么导致了观众观念的转变呢?难道audience突然意识到应该relinquish a set of absurd scruples?

The orthodox explanation of the actresses' new acceptability is, if not entirely wrong, at least seriously insufficient. Orthodox explanation说actress出现是因为人们不满老用boys来演女人。作者随后说这种论证没有证据，因为多数观众都挺满意男孩演的Juliets, Cleopatras.. 另外有人说人们开始追求naturalism，作者也反对，因为the standard of naturalism changes from generation to generation.

1660开始的新的戏剧种类教Restoration theater，比之前更public的剧院更加intimate。女演员一直在restoration theater表演，所以已经被一小群人accepted.

作者的观点：sexual explicitness。17世纪女人低于男人的hierarchical structure已经过时了. Charles I 喜欢court drama，因为大家都dress up显示地位;然而Charles II喜欢带着面具和一帮aristocrats and rich Londoners一起party. 整个时代都趋向于更平等的社会地位。但是这同时也使人们更注重什么是typically "male" or "female"。人们开始觉得女性是非常unique and delicate的，需要独特的actress来present the female personality on stage.

发个关于1660年前后actress没地位的机经文章

In the past, only men could become actors in some societies. In the ancient Greece and Rome[13] and the medieval world, it was considered disgraceful for a woman to go on the stage, and this belief persisted until the 17th century, when in Venice it was broken. In the time of William Shakespeare, women's roles were generally played by men or boys.[14]

When an eighteen-year Puritan prohibition of drama was lifted after the English Restoration of 1660, women began to appear on stage in England. Margaret Hughes is credited by some as the first professional actress on the English stage.[15] This prohibition ended during the reign of Charles II in part due to the fact that he enjoyed watching actresses on stage.[16] The first occurrence of the term actress was in 1700 according to the OED and is ascribed to Dryden.[7]

In Japan, men (onnagata) took over the female roles in kabuki theatre when women were banned from performing on stage during the Edo period. This convention has continued to the present. However, some forms of Chinese drama have women playing all the roles.

In modern times, women sometimes play the roles of prepubescent boys. The stage role of Peter Pan, for example, is traditionally played by a woman, as are most principal boys in Britishpantomime. Opera has several "breeches roles" traditionally sung by women, usually mezzo-sopranos. Examples are Hansel in H?nsel und Gretel, Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier.

Women in male roles are uncommon in film with the notable exceptions of the films The Year of Living Dangerously and I'm Not There. In the former film Linda Hunt played the pivotal role of Billy Kwan, for which she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In the latter film Cate Blanchett portrayed Jude Quinn, a representation of Bob Dylan in the sixties, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Women playing men in live theatre is particularly common in presentations of older plays, such as those of Shakespeare, that have large numbers of male characters in roles where the gender no longer matters in modern times.[citation needed]

Having an actor dress as the opposite sex for comic effect is also a long-standing tradition in comic theatre and film. Most of Shakespeare's comedies include instances of overt cross-dressing, such as Francis Flute in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The movie A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum stars Jack Gilford dressing as a young bride. Tony Curtisand Jack Lemmon famously posed as women to escape gangsters in the Billy Wilder film Some Like It Hot. Cross-dressing for comic effect was a frequently used device in most of the thirty Carry On films. Dustin Hoffman and Robin Williams have each appeared in a hit comedy film (Tootsie and Mrs. Doubtfire, respectively) in which they played most scenes dressed as a woman.

GRE高频阅读：玛雅文明

玛雅文明

根据机经有篇短阅读是说

某种果树在玛雅废墟那块,长得很好,这个是玛雅文明的证明,但是有人反对,说是因为蝙蝠吃了果子排出种子才造成了这片果树林,和玛雅没有关系...但是后面又有证明说这片果林的产量是其他地方的果林的产量的2倍,说明还是玛雅文明的影响."

原文应该是Charles M. Peters 1983年的一篇文章叫observations on maya subsistence and the ecology of a tropical tree,有条件的G友可以上网找。。。以下是一点总结：

这植物叫B. alicastrum，又叫maya nut.

Miksicek et al.,说B. alicastrum长得很好,这个是玛雅文明的证明,。

文章很长，ets估计节选了后面的：作者谈到frugivorous bats eat the fruit and later drop the seed intact...bat-dispersed seed...总而言之，maya ruins旁边有很多B. alicastrum is a result of normal ecological process does not in itself negate the possibility that the tree was used by the Maya. 因为B. alicastrum很有nutrition，是maya人的staple food.

GRE阅读练习题：长江水稻

背景介绍：在南亚发现了domesticated Rice,然后推测南亚是Rice的发源地，然后1985年在中国的长江流域发现了很多 wilder rice的遗址，推测生活在中国的先民有可能更早的驯化了rice。

提出旧理论：rice-farming最早在长江以南出现

提出新理论：认为长江流域的rice-farming可以往前推几百年。最后一段讲，1940年(?)调查的wild-rice其实主要确实是分布在南方，但是长江流域也有1、2种，所以还是有可能farming在北方也开始很早滴。然后我觉得这篇文章需要把握的就是wilder rice和 domesticated rice。搞清楚谁是野生的，谁是驯化的就可以了。

题目：三个题考得都是逻辑相关，比如加强消弱什么的。

题目1：最能undermine长江流域水稻是水稻祖宗的?

题目3：作者是怎样利用geol_ical graph还是什么graph来证明它的观点的。应该是从文章最后一段找，但我感觉文中没有直说，要自己推理。选项里好几个都很接近。

Since the 1970s, archaeol_ical sites in China's Yangtze River region have yielded evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies that predate signs of rice cultivation elsewhere in East Asia by a thousand years. Before this evidence was discovered, it had generally been assumed that rice farming began farther to the south. This scenario was based both on the ge_raphic range of wild or free-living rice, which was not thought to extend as far north as the Yangtze, and on archaeol_ical records of very early domestic rice from Southeast Asia and India (now known to be not so old as first reported). Proponents of the southern-origin theory point out that early rice-farming societies along the Yangtze were already highly developed and that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation is missing. They argue that the first hunter-gatherers to develop rice agriculture must have done so in this southern zone, within the apparent present-day ge_raphic range of wild rice.

Yet while most stands of wild rice reported in a 1984 survey were concentrated to the south of the Yangtze drainage, two northern outlier populations were also discovered in provinces along the middle and lower Yangtze, evidence that the Yangtze wetlands may fall within both the present-day and the historical ge_raphic ranges of rice's wild ancestor

1. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine the conclusion that the author makes based on the 1984 survey?

Areas south of the Yangtze basin currently have less wild-rice habitat than they once did.

Surveys since 1984 have shown wild rice populations along the upper Yangtze as well as along the middle and lower Yangtze.

The populations of wild rice along the Yangtze represent strains of wild rice that migrated to the north relatively recently.

Early rice-farming societies along the Yangtze were not as highly developed as archaeol_ists once thought.

In East Asia, the historical ge_raphic range of wild rice was more extensive than the present-day ge_raphic range is.

2. Based on the passage, skeptics of the idea that rice cultivation began in the Yangtze River region can point to which of the following for support?

Lack of evidence supporting the existence of rice-farming societies along the Yangtze at an early date

Lack of evidence regarding the initial stages of rice cultivation in the Yangtze region

Recent discoveries pertaining to the historical ge_raphic range of rice's wild ancestor

New information regarding the dates of very early domestic rice from Southeast Asia

New theories pertaining to how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture in East Asia

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the “southern-origin theory”?

The theory is based on an unconventional understanding of how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture.

The theory fails to take into account the apparent fact that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation in the north is missing.

The theory was developed primarily in response to a 1984 survey of wild rice's ge_raphic range.

Reassessment of the dates of some archaeol_ical evidence has undermined support for the theory.

Evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies in the Yangtze region provides support for the theory.

答案：CBD

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