雅思写作复合句的用法
在雅思写作中,不能光写简单句,也要适当地运用一些复合句为自己的文章增加光彩,下面小编就给大家分享一些雅思写作复合句的用法。
雅思写作句型:复合句的三种类型
(一)名词性复合句
31一些人相信向其他国家学习将使他们了解自己的信念和传统。
Some people believe that learning more about other countries often helps you to learn about your own beliefs and traditions.
32我强烈认为由于广告在不同地方不同领域的大量使用将导致人们失去他们独特的个性
I think strongly that because of the extensive use of advertisements on so many different topics in so many different places it does cause people to lose their distinctive personality.
33不难得出这样一个结论,穿某种衣服我们将变得很酷很漂亮有活力和聪明。
It is not difficult to get the conclusion that wearing certain clothing will become cool, beautiful, athletic or intelligent.
34人们晚上害怕出去这一事实,经常是感知危险的结果而并不是实际的危险。
The fact that people are afraid to go out at night is often a result of perceived danger rather than actual danger.
35拥有同样的电影、音乐、品牌、电视频道也会使生活乏味单调,这是显然的。
It is obvious that having the same films, music, brands, television channels would also make life dull and monotonous.
(二)形容词性复合句
36那些想要图书馆在本质上保留更多传统的人们指出高科技设备的成本问题
Those who want libraries to remain more traditional in nature point to the costs of hi-tech equipment.
37你穿的衣服是表达你的独特性的方式
The clothing that you wear is one way to express your uniqueness.
38他们认为这种作法与目前高度尊崇自由与个性的文明社会不一致
They think this practice does not coincide with the civilized world in which liberty and individuality are worshiped highly.
39导致这一现象的最直接原因是农业机械的过度使用,这将使农民从土地中解放出来到城市寻找更多的机会
The most immediate factor that has give rise to this phenomenon is the extensive use of farming machinery, which has freed more farmers from the land to seek better opportunities in cities.
(三)副词性复合句
40因为坏人带枪,如果警察不配枪市民就很危险了
As evil people always have guns, it is dangerous for citizens if the police do not carry them.
41由于女性的体质不同于男性,她们在军队的激烈竞争中比不过男性
Because women’s physiques are different, they are not so capable as men in the fiercely competitive world of the military.
42如果我们推倒老建筑,我们就破坏了文化遗产和传统价值
If we tear down the old building, we are ruining the culture heritage and the traditional values as well.
43记者应该相当的客观,尽管完全客观是难以达到的,因为每个人都有自己的观点和意见。
Journalists should be reasonably objective, though complete objectivity will be different to achieve, as everyone has their own opinions and standpoints.
44就象年轻人可以停下工作享受休闲时光,老年人也应该被允许继续工作
Just as young people can choose to stop working and enjoy their leisure time, old people should also be allowed to continue working.
雅思写作复合句的运用
一、 复合句的种类
英语的复合句一般分为三大类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
(一) 名词性从句
在整个复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种:
1. that 引导的从句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (据报道,三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。)
2. whether/if 引导的从句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的话题。)
3. how/why/when/where引导的从句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文将探讨为什么这么多白领失眠的原因。)
4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(谁对环境恶化负责还不清楚。)
(二) 形容词性从句
具有形容词功能,在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型:
(1)由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (强烈反对克隆人的人们认为这样做不道德和不合伦理)
运用复合句写好雅思写作引言段
Well begun is half done,这是大家都耳熟能详的英语谚语。也就是说一个漂亮的开头,往往是文章写作成功的一半。尤其在雅思写作中,一个好的开头,往往能够在瞬间吸引考官的眼球,留下良好的第一印象。那么,我们怎样才能写漂亮的引言段呢?首先,我们要做到开门见山,明确写作话题和目的。如何才能做到开门见山?我们可以采用以下几种方式:
1. 采用统计数字引出话题,把问题呈现在读者面前;
2. 提出有争议性的问题,激发读者兴趣,使其积极参与讨论;
3. 以新颖的观点,吸引读者注意力;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
其次,要善于运用复合句,从而使引言段简洁明了,开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。 引用数据呈现讨论的话题,说明问题的严重性或者重要性,引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。
我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时,可以这样开头:It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father’ Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.(据报道,在父亲节那天,珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示,经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来,关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论,老师、家长和专家各执一词。)
而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时,可以这样开头:A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight. (中山大学最近做的一个研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟者人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示,吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此,禁烟成了个热点话题。)
如何在雅思写作中巧用各种句式获得高分
同学们不难从官网上找到评分的四项要求,其中有一项“Grammatical Range and Accuracy”,是同学们觉得比较难提高的。这一项对于满分的要求有一条的是“Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.” 这一条要求的精髓就在于“wide range of structures”,也就是说同学们要能够在写作中体现出能运用各种句式结构的能力,包括简单句、各类从句、分词短语、并列句等等。
然而,同学们在写图表作文的时候最常碰见的困扰之一就是觉得句型太过单一、单调。但是只要同学们按照评分标准有意识的去进行句式的变化,避免句式的重复其实一点也不是难于上青天的事情。
避免句式重复的第一个方式就是运用英语的各种句式结构。 所谓的英语的句式结构,在写作中其实只有很有限的四个:简单句,并列句,复合句和复杂句。 小作文中常用的除了简单句和并列句之外,复合句是同学们需要掌握的重点。
1 固定宾语从句
仔细研究剑桥系列考官的范文,不难发现,小作文中常用的复合句其实就是宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句。
e.g. 举个栗子,在《剑8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句话:
The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.
还有《剑7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段:
the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...
《剑7》的Test 4的最后一段:
it is clear that...
大家不难发现,宾语从句常用在开头,结尾或者两段过渡句的写作中。
2 翻新定语从句
定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的,也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要满足对于定语从句的出彩使用 ,同学们可以参考《剑9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句话:
e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句,而是使用了“介词+关系词 ”的方式,使得句子变得高大上了许多。类似的用法在《剑5》的Test 1中最后一段话也有出现。
可以看出比较容易操作的方式是在句子后出现时间的时候,使用during which或者by which这样的结构 ,可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来,或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的when 。
e.g.《剑8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
3 巧用状语从句
e.g.《剑7》Test 2 Although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.
这里用了让步状语从句来表示位置最低的线,那我们不难得出结论:在动态图中,表述最大的数值或者最高的柱,其实都可以使用让步状语从句。
比如这样一个句子Courses made up the largest proportion in factors that influenced students’ choice and its percentage decreased from 40% to 34%.
如果我们使用让步状语从句,就可以变成了:Although Courses made up the largest..., its percentage still decreased...这样,并列句就可以很好的转化成状语从句了。
e.g.《剑6》Test 3 This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.
时间状语从句是流程图中常用的句式,还有常用的连接词为while, since, when, after和before 。
e.g.《剑5》Test 1While the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period.
4 合并并列句
在小作文的写作中,中国学生最常用到的除了简单句就是由and或者but, then引导的并列句。那么避免过多并列句重复的一个很好的方式就是使用非谓语动词,即:分词做状语或者独立主格。
《剑7》Test 2中,对于鸡肉这条线的描述,同学们都会描述为:鸡肉的消耗量显示出一个上升的趋势,并且在1980年超过羊肉,在1989年超过了牛肉。大部分同学第一反应的句子都是:The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend and it overtook lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.
在这个句子中,and连接了两个并列的简单句,但两个简单句的主语是一样的,这个时候同学们就要想到分词作状语,省略其中的一个主语,这个被省略的主语和它的动词之间是主动关系。所以overtook变成现在分词的形式,那么这句话就合并为:The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980...
合并之后的句子既简洁,也能够符合欧美人的表达习惯,考官当然就会欣然给分。类似的表达方式还可以在很多的考官范文找到例证。有的同学可能会问,如果并列句的主语不一样呢?
e.g.《剑8》Test 1 These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having a much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.
在这句话中,两个简单句主语不一样,考官采用了独立主格的方式,将想要置于从属地位的简单句主语保留,动词主动关系就变成了现在分词,然后加上了with,让原本的并列句马上显的高大上,得分自然也就高大上了。
5 主语多样化
以上的这些改换句式的方式可以很好的起到避免句式重复的方式,但是如果满篇都是不同复合句的堆砌,多少会显的文章过于矫情,这个时候变换简单句就能很好的起到调节的作用。变换简单句最直接的方式就是变换主语。英文的主语不同重点也会发生变化,所以能够有效的起到避免重复的作用。 最常用的变化主语就是there be句型。
e.g.《剑5》Test 1 A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan.
在这个例句中,考官使用了被动语态,并且用了上升的名词形式做了主语,使得简单句也变得“不简单”了。同样的用法还出现在考官的其他范文中。
e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2000.
最后一个可以当做替换主语的是常常被忽略的时间段。 比如说1989到2000这一段时间内见证了一个急剧的上升,这句话就可以写成“The period of 1989 and 2000 witnessed a sharp increase.” 这样的话就可以避免了常规的“上升”句式了。
以上的一些小技巧在考官的范文中都多有出现,它们可以有效的避免句式的重复,在语法这一个方面达到一些提分的目的。希望同学们能够多多练习,达到灵活运用各类句型。文章长短句交错,每句话的形式结构恰到好处,为合理传递信息表达思想而服务。让小作文在内容和语言方面都能绽放光彩。
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7.高考英语之复合句