2019年6月13日雅思阅读考前机经预测
雅思阅读考试前,大家可参考一些机经,重点复习题型的解题方法和思路。接下来小编为大家带来了2019年6月13日雅思阅读考前机经预测内容,希望能帮助到大家在冲刺阶段有一个备考重点,预祝各位考生能顺利拿到自己想要的成绩。
2019年6月13日雅思阅读考前机经预测1
文章题目We have star performers
重复年份20160114 20121124
题材商业管理
题型段落细节配对 4+判断 4+填空 5
文章大意人才与天赋,讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据, talents, 文章批判了传统的观点(才能是与生俱来的,是不变的,是需要公 司去发现的)。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在,然后分段讲到,才 能是随时间变化的,是不能被精确度量的,是可以凭努力换来的。
参考答案:
段落细节配对:
28 One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins bigger stars F
29 One failed company that believes stars rather than system B
30 One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the competition nowadays G
31 One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of hiring stars. C
判断:
32 McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by this book. NG
33 Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. YES
34 The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake. NO
35 Football clubs that focus making stars in YES
填空:
An investigation carried out on 1000 36 analysts of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a 37 star has negative effects. For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the 38 working environment that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase their 39 salary. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those 40 rivals within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his/her stock share.
2019年6月13日雅思阅读考前机经预测2
文章题目The influence of social network to people's loneliness
重复年份20140920 20130622
题材人文社科
题型配对 6+选择 4+判断 4
文章大意社交媒体对人孤独的影响.越来越多的人开始使用社交媒体,有些人认为社
交媒体使人变得更加孤独,有些人却不同意。在大学生中做了一个调查,结 果表明孤独感与人们花时间在社交媒体上无关。社交媒体会使人变得焦虑, 也会让人上瘾。
参考阅读:
Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, suggests that his recent research shows that online social media use, rather than making us as users feel inter-connected, contributes to overall life dis-satisfaction and loneliness.
This side-effect can have drastic results, considering over 1.1 billion users around the world are linked up on Facebook alone.
The study monitored 82 participants’ feelings and well-being, compared to their social media use, over a long period of time. This kind of LONG TERM comparative research was the first of its kind to be conducted.
The main correlation result was: the more time spent on social media, the less happy you will be over time.
A separate study in 2010 conducted by Carnegie Mellon University discovered that when users are DIRECTLY interacting with social media friends, such as posting pictures and status updates, tagging photos, or liking things, their sociability and well-being increased.
However, the dangerous part of our social media use stems from the time we are passively consuming social media content, which represents a majority of user time spent on these platforms. This passive consumption of other peoples idealized vacations, days off, meals, boyfriends, family, etc. led users to feel lonely and unsatisfied with their own lives, despite how eschewed this perception of others lives ACTUALLY is.
Thus, social media has forced us to face a grave paradox: social media claims to be the platform that can connect users with their friends, family, community and the like within seconds, and this is true; however, never before have we experienced more isolation than we are now as a result. Our obsession with our digital social media lives is beginning to take precedence over our physical, here-and-now lives, resulting in our inability to interact with real people, and enjoy life’s current moments without being distracted by how this will be portrayed on social media.
2019年6月13日雅思阅读考前机经预测3
文章题目Expert in musician
重复年份20160130 20140517
题材人文社科
题型选择 4+判断 6+填空 4
文章大意天赋是遗传先天的还是靠练习,主要以音乐为例。讨论坚持不懈对成功的作 用和他们的关系。首先探讨了毅力是否是成功的必要条件,并阐述了众多学 家就此提出的各类观点。在论证天才是不是也需要坚持不懈时,举例了莫扎 特一个人坚持找工作的过程。最后证明了坚持不懈和成功的关系密切。
部分参考答案: 选择:
1. what's the definition of talent in the first paragraph
brain structure different from others
2. what can we learn from violin players?
Not sure the change of brain size is the cause of effect of practice
3. the result of findings by experts suggest
Talent may have little to do with ....
判断题:
1. ericsson's study has influenced other researchers. NG
2. the other areas have one thing in common. Y
3. whose who becoe world scale practice regularly every day NG
4. anyone who practiced over 10.000 will become a talent N
5. current learning and cognitive skills support the practice theory Y
填空题:
Receive a lot of practice from his father. .... first symphony at the age of four....not
popular...but not inherited.
雅思阅读细读文章与计时做题如何取舍
雅思阅读正确率与时间掌握怎样权衡,我想这是很多烤鸭在做雅思阅读题时会思考的一个问题,我们该怎样在做题的准确率和速度上做出取舍,怎样最优地做阅读题呢?这便是本文将要试图回答的问题,文章有点长,请慢慢读~
雅思阅读有一个老生常谈的问题:做题前该怎样读文章。依作者拙见,要获得高分,做题前将文章浏览一遍是很有必要的;而同时,很多考生又会面临另一个难题,即在考试规定时间内逐字逐句看完三篇文章以及做完所有题目,对他们来说几乎是不可能的。那应该怎样化解决这一矛盾呢,这就是笔者想要跟大家一起探讨和解决的问题。
1浏览文章的必要性
浏览文章是雅思阅读的必备策略。做题时,通常先阅读题目,然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位,最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型,单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了,即使侥幸做对,那也是自欺欺人。
例如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之,此题型就是出题者给出一个细节,然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法,势必整段逐行搜寻,耗时耗力,效率等同于通读全文,更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语,而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。
例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”,在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中,虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致,但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现,例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题,那就非读文章不可了。
2结构阅读法
那么雅思文章该怎么读呢?首先,我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的:“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”按照他们的说法,雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力,即read discriminately,知道哪些是重要信息必须细读,哪些是无用的,可以忽略。
雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平,更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。
在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识,那就是一学期要看很多书,写很多essay,有的同学虽然很刻苦,整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫,但还是读不完reading list中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学,他们不见得比我们刻苦,却很能掉书袋,写出的essay理论功底更深。
学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学,咬文嚼字,看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言,这种读法无可厚非,但若是做学问,这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书,总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息,然后阅读索引,找寻需要的信息,所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章,也没必要逐字逐句的读,而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌,那就好比站在了作者的高度,定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。
有的同学也许会有这样的疑问,雅思文章题材五花八门,行文艰深晦涩,要看懂都不容易,怎样能在几分钟内,梳理出作者的写作思路呢?对于这个问题我们知道,雅思文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度,但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。
因为学术是严谨的,在形式上它有一套严格的规范(the established academic caliber)。就学术范畴的文章而言,其观点可以犀利独到,但论证必须缜密,所以文章层次结构相比起他体裁是稳定的。换言之,学术文章有点八股文的味道。那么我们就可以利用这点迅速掌握文章结构继而掌握思路了。
文章的性质决定了文章的结构。在《剑桥雅思》的前言中,关于阅读有这样一段话: “The passages are on topics of general interest. At least one text contains detailed logical argument.” 据笔者观察,所有雅思文章都可以分为两大类:介绍性的学术说明文和论辩性的学术论文。
说明文只是对一个既定的事实进行客观介绍和陈述,不包含argument,教科书就属于这一类;而学术论文通常针对一个悬而未决的问题,进行论证,继而提出解决方案,其过程就是提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。在雅思考试中,这类文章分为两种:实验论证和逻辑论证。下面就依次介绍这几种文章的结构:
一、介绍类学术说明文的结构要判断文章类别,一般看标题就可以了。介绍类文章是对某事物或现象进行描述或介绍,所以标题一般为名词短语或者以How开头的疑问句。具体结构如下:
-Introduce a phenomenon or a fact.-Detailed Description:Timeline/Different Aspects/Logic Development-Look into the future/Summary
无论什么文章,起始段总是引出主题,所以多用叙述描写性语言,或介绍现象,或陈述事实,或交代问题。
在介绍类说明文中,中间断落是对事物细节的展开描述,各种话题可以通过三种不同方式展开。第一类时间顺序,通常用于陈述一个历史事件,例如剑五中的“Johnson’s Dictionary”就是这一类。第二类并列或递进,从各个侧面来介绍,例如剑四中的“What Do Whales feel?”,一看标题就知道是介绍鲸鱼各个感官的,属于并列结构。第三类是逻辑顺序,据笔者统计,环境自然类文章多依照这种顺序,下文对此会作详细评述,这里不再赘言。
二、论证类文章的结构
实验类文章-Introduce Experiment-Pre-experiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods)-Experiment Process-Result (Collecting Data)-Analyses and Syntheses
在雅思阅读中,实验类文章结构最为固定。笔者分析了“剑四”和“剑五”中所有实验类文章,发现其结构无一不遵循以上套路,这是因为实验报告的形式本来就单调。首段总是说明实验的缘起以及实验没目的,然后介绍实验前的准备工作包括器具,实验主体等,接着进入实验进程的描述,而后公布实验结果,最后综合数据得出结论。无论实验做什么,这个基本顺序是不会改变的。
逻辑论证类文章-Introduce the topic/problem-Literature Review (Optional)-Present Causes/Reasons (optional)-Writer’s Approach-Supporting Evidences-Conclusions
这类文章从结构上讲更接近于论文。起始段导出议题,第二部分对议题进行文献综述,介绍已有的观点或探讨引发问题的原因,第三部分引入作者的判断以及相关分论点或论据,最后是结论。在雅思考试是中这类文章通常是比较难的。
3实战中的运用 下面结合题目具体说明结构阅读法的运用。
例一 (剑五”P16,Johnson’s Dictionary)一看标题就知道是说明文,主题是介绍约翰逊博士的词典。然后阅读具体断落来套结构,注意一般只要看首尾句就可以了。第一段第一句”There had been concerns about the state of the English language.”交代背景,说明英语语言的问题,引出编词典的主题。第二段首句“there had, of course, been dictionaries in the past”介绍过去的字典,可知这篇文章的结构是按照时间顺序进行的。抓住这点,余下几段就容易分析了。
依次往后,分别讲了编词典的必要性、编词典前的准备、编词典中的艰难、介绍工作成果、出版后的好评,约翰逊的感慨以及最后功成名就。抓住这个顺序,即使后面的T/F/NG题次序打乱,每道题也依然能够准确快速地定位了。限于篇幅,此处稍举几例。
第9题“Johnson has become more well- known since his death.”这句和身后事有关,按照时间顺序肯定在最后一段找了。第10题“Johnson had been planning to writer a dictionary for several years”,按照时间顺序,这句应该去第四段找,因为那段讲的是编词典的准备阶段。
例二 (剑五”P20,Nature or Nurture)首先通过首句可以判断是实验类文章。阅读各段首句,梳理结构:A段引出实验,说明实验目的。B段介绍实验前的准备工作。C段实验过程。D、E两段实验结果,F、G、H三段实验分析。最后一段综合,得出结论。看后面的段落细节配对题。14题从生物学角度分析实验结果,在F、G、H段内找。从首句可判断F段讲动物攻击性,G段讲社会性,H段讲人性和道德,动物攻击性最接近生物学,所以选F段。15题讲实验目的,所以选A段。16题讲实验主体,所以B段。剩余各题都可如法炮制,这里不再赘述。
环境自然现象类文章结构-Introduce phenomenon-Causes-Impacts or effects brought by it-Solutions/Look into the future
文章的主题通常是某种现象如地震,火山等,起始段介绍现象及其产生的原因,下面各段讲造成的后果,介绍人类怎样应对,最后展望未来。例如,“剑五”P86,“The Impact of Wilderness Tourism”探讨野外旅游, 主题属于环境类。按照这个结构即使不看文章,我们也应该可以判断Section A选的是iii这个标题(Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there),依次类推Section B论述后果,那么应该选V因为里面有“disruptive effects”,而Section C论述应对措施所以选ii。
总之,在做题前分析文章结构,了解每段的构成和主题是很有必要的。这既是一种有效考试的策略,更是针对学术文章的良好阅读方法。
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