初中英语代词基础语法
英语中的代词有代表人物的,有用来指人物的,有表示不定数的,有用以发问的,也有用来表达关系的。接下来,小编给大家准备了初中英语代词基础语法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
初中英语代词基础语法
代词(Pronoun—pron.)
定义:用以代替名词的词叫做代词。
代词有代表人物的,有用来指人物的,有表示不定数的,有用以发问的,也有用来表达关系的。例如:
代表人物:I(我),you(你),she(她),he(他),it(它),…
指人物:this(这个),these(这些),that(那个),…
表不定数:some(一些),other(其余),all(全体)…
发问:what(什么),which(哪一个),…
表示关系:who,which,that,…
代词在句子中的功能与名词的功能相同。
(1)作句子的主语,例:
Helen is a student1.She goes to school by bus every day.
(海伦是学生。她每天乘公共汽车上学。)
(2)作句子的主语补语,例:
Who is there ?(谁在那儿?)
It’s me ,Tom .(是我,汤姆。)
(3)作及物动词的直接宾语,例:
I see her at school every day.
(每天我在学校都看到她。)
(4)作介词的宾语,例:
Helen is my good friend2.I go to school together3 with her every morning.
(海伦是我的好朋友。每天早晨我都和她一起上学去。)
扩展:句子的种类
1.应特别注意掌握的简单句
1) 有介词的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾。如:
Whom1 do you travel2 with?
当然,也可以把介词放在句首。总之,不要把介词丢掉。
2) 有插入语的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子:
Where do you think they may go?
其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句。注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开。疑问式插入语还有do you hope3, do you guess 等。
在肯定句中也有插入语。如:
That man, I guess, is neither4 a policeman nor5 a soldier6.
在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子。
2.并列句
并列句的考查重点是并列连词。并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。
3.复合句
复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
① 宾语从句
宾语从句的考查要点是:时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等。
A.宾语从句的连接词:
宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导。
He said7 (that) he would8 leave on March 12 next weeek.
宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导。
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导。
I don’t know if / whether9 he has done that.
B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应。
主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响。如,It is said that the panda was11 sent to America last month.
主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整:
a) 由现在时调整为过去时。
I didn’t know you were also here.
b) 由将来时调整为过去将来时
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c) 过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since13 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如:
She said she had14 worked at this school before her father came15 to this city.
② 状语从句。
状语从句有时间状语从句(常由when, while16, before, after, until17, as10 soon as等词引导)、地点状语从句(常有where 引导)、原因状语从句(常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答), 条件状语从句(常由if引导)、结果状语从句(常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 )、让步状语从句(常由though, although引导)。
③定语从句
其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词{who(指人)、that(指人或物)、which(指物)} , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如:
She is the person20 who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人。
有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开。同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen21 came up that read, “Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子。
下面我们来看一些例子:
1. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives
C. where did12 he live D. where he lived
答案:D
2. He didn’t go home ___ he finished22 the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案:D
3. I was reading23 the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though18 D. as
答案:B
4. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案:D
5. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen24 B. where I have seen
C. where had I seen D. where have I seen
答案:A
6. It was raining heavily25 ___ we got26 to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案:C
7. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案:C
8. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn’t rain B. the rain will stops
C. the rains won’t stop D. it won’t rain
答案:D
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