英语语法考点短语动词
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。接下来，小编给大家准备了英语语法考点短语动词,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语语法考点短语动词
英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1) 动词+介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 动词+副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词+副词+介词
常见的有look down upon1, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added2 up to no more than 0.
After a short rest, he went on with his research3 work.
(4) 动词+名词+介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting4. We should make full use of our time.
(5) 动词+形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners5 were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 动词+名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)
make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)
take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例题
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keep up意为"继续";give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
扩展：连词
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either1…or, neither2…nor等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether4, when, after, as5 soon as等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1) and 和，并且
They drank and sang6 all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had7 something to tell him.
(6) however8 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later9, however, he decided10 to go.
(7) neither…nor3 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees11 with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although12 虽然
Although it was13 late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14) unless14 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15) until15 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16) while16 当…时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17) for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18) since17自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19) hardly18… when 一… 就
I had hardly got19 to the station when the train left.
(20) as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
例2 She thought20 I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact21, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would22 you like a cup of coffee ____ shall23 we get down to business24 right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
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