揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

楚薇分享 2020-07-25 10:30:52

托福阅读考试中陷阱重重，我们必须做好全面的准备才能顺利过关。了解了ETS在设计题目时所使用的小陷阱，我们才可以很好地做到事半功倍。下面跟小编一起看看怎样解决托福阅读的陷阱吧。

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

新托福阅读考试中绝大部分题目都是对应具体段落的，这会为考生节省很多时间。但是也不排除有少量题目的范围比较大或比较模糊，考生在寻找答案时难免一头雾水，费时费力。其实这些看似没有明确定位方向的题目都是暗藏玄机的。

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?

A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.

B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.

C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.

D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.

这个题目的题干涉及到三个段落，而事实上考生根本不需要去看第一段的内容，因为答案依据的是第三、四段的信息，但是这两个段落如果都看的话内容也不少，从应试的角度来说太费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向。A项里大家一般都会选择有连字符的coal-fired作为关键词去定位，B项没有比较显眼的词就只能选名词短语remote areas，C项选1 percent， D项选the United States。选完关键词我们不难发现除了B项不大好定位以外，其他三个选项的关键词都很醒目。

经过定位，A项应该去比对第3段的第一句话，意思明显矛盾;B项不好找，可以暂且跳过;C项和D项的关键词在这两段都找不到，这就属于新托福阅读中推理题的错误答案设计方法之一 —— 无中生有。所以虽然我们没有去验证B项的说法是否正确，但经过排除也只能选B了。这样的做题方法就会省时省力，且答案也是正确的。在考试中，这种情况往往会影响考生的心情，进而影响水平的发挥，但是只要我们了解了ETS出题的套路就能把它们轻松搞定。

托福阅读长难句100句：早期社会仪式感

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. (48,TPO1)

cease /si?s/ v. 停止，中止

well-being n. 幸福;(尤指) 健康

retain /r?'te?n/ v. 保持或保留;

我是分解线，大家先自己分析哦

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites (essential to their well-being) and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained (as parts of their oral tradition) the myths (that had grown up around the rites) and admired them (for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.)

分析：

修饰一：(essential to their well-being)，修饰rites，

中文：对于他们的幸福健康是必要

修饰二：(as parts of their oral tradition) ，介词短语，修饰myths，这里有一个短语retain…as，本来myths要放在retained之后，但是由于myths后面有从句，宾语较长，所以置后了，大家要注意这里语序的问题。

中文：作为它们口头传统的部分

修饰三：(that had grown up around therites) ，从句，修饰myths

中文：从仪式里发展出来的

修饰四：(for their artistic qualitiesrather than for their religious usefulness. ) ，介词短语，修饰them，这里有一个很重要短语rather than，表示而不是

中文：因为他们的艺术性而不是宗教用途

主干：they retained the myths

参考翻译：

例如，一些早期社会不再认为某些仪式对于他们的幸福健康是必要的，便取消了那些仪式，但是，他们保留了那些从仪式里发展出来的神话作为口头传统的一部分，并因为他们的艺术性而不是宗教用途而喜爱它们。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句100句：蓄水层

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year. (41, TPO3)

aquifer /'?kw?f?/ n. 含水土层

semiarid /?sem(a)?'?r?d/ adj. 半干旱的

我是分解线，大家先自己分析哦

Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year. )

分析：

修饰一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介词短语，修饰后面红色主干部分

中文：在半干旱气候条件下

修饰二：(that presently exist in the region)，从句，修饰conditions

中文：现在存在于这个地区

修饰三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非谓语动词，修饰前面红色主干

中文：总计大约一年50毫米

主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal

中文：蓄水层的补水率很小

参考翻译：

估计表明：蓄水层包含充足的水去填满Huron湖。但很不幸，在目前这个地区半干旱气候条件下，蓄水层的补水率很小，总计大约一年50毫米。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句、非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句100句：甘薯的传播

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (39, TPO5)

anthropologist /?nθr?'p?l?d??st/ n. 人类学家

rather than prep. 而不是

raft /rɑ?ft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子载运(人或货物)

navigator /'n?v?ge?t?/ n. 航行者，航海者;领航员，导航员;导航仪

我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。

As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America. )

分析：

修饰一：(an American anthropologist)，同位语，修饰Patrick Kirch

中文：美国人类学家

修饰二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介词短语，rather than是托福阅读里一个高频短语啊，大家记住它是一个介词，表示“而不是”

中文：不是南美人用筏运来的

修饰三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介词短语，修饰bringback

中文：玻利尼西亚返航者

修饰四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，从句，修饰navigators

中文：已经去过南美西海岸

主干：sweetpotatoes might just have easily been brought back

参考翻译：

正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。