托福阅读分类题型专项练习题
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托福阅读分类题型专项练习题
1. 句子简化题
The Great Red Spot
One distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot.
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth.
B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the
Earth.
C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter.
D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.
答案：C
2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the
Great Red Spot.
B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on
Earth.
C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six
Earth days.
D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves
how big it is.
答案：D
Passage One (Question 1-2)
Camouflage
Camouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat
blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.
1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration for Arctic animals.
B. The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctic tundra.
C. In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless
Arctic.
D. For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them during summer and winter months.
答案：A
2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason.
B. The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in the winter.
C. It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white I the springtime and gray in the fall.
D. The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons.
答案：D
Passage Two (Question 3-6)
Post-it Notes
Post-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born.
It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar. A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes – have been developed.
3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 1?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strong adhesive.
B. Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive.
C. Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program to develop the strongest adhesive of all.
D. Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymer microspheres.
答案：A
4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by a colleague.
B. One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notes attached to documents.
C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products.
D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers.
答案：B
托福词汇：与心理学相关的托福单词
PSYCHOLOGY
心理学
applied psychology
应用心理学
psychologist
心理学家
psychiatrist
精神病医师, 精神病学
家
psychological
心理的
psychological test
心理测试
conformity
一致;符合;从众
majority
多数人
mental
精神的
minority
少数人
physical
躯体的，物质的，物理的
mental
心理的
spiritual
精神的;心灵的
subject
受实验物件;学科
behavior
行为
behavior
行为的
托福词汇：与生理学相关的托福单词
PHYSIOLOGY
生理学
physiologist
生理学家
anatomy
解剖学;人体结构
scalpel
解剖刀
cell
细胞
tissue
组织
organ
器官
organ system
器官系统
digestive system
消化系统
intake
ingest
摄入(食物)
saliva
唾液
intestine (bowel)
肠
abdomen
腹部
anus
肛门
excrete
排泄
skeletal system
骨骼系统
skeleton
骨骼
skull
托福词汇：与食品类相关的托福单词
. FOOD
食品
food chain
食物链
edible
可食用的
inedible
不可食用的
diet
日常饮食
dietary
饮食的
vegetarian
素食
cereal (grain)
谷类食物
flour
面粉
bread
面包
pastry
面点心
pista
面条类食品
yeast (leaven; ferment)
(名词)
酵母;
(动
物)发酵
fruit
水果
salad
色拉
meat
荤食
dark meat
beef
牛肉
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