托福写作段落衔接的五种方法
具有逻辑清晰的托福写作结构是托福作文高分的第一步，托福写作框架的搭建、段落的衔接有很多形式，包括例证、因果等等。下面就介绍一下托福写作段落衔接的五种结构，希望能教给大家一些托福写作技巧。
托福写作段落衔接的五种方法
段落的实现
⑴例证法 每个理由后面必须同时有例子 每篇文章至少两个例子
提出论点-列举事例-分析事例-得出结论-(重述论点)我认为-因为我觉得-比如说-你看
举例之后 一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举。。。
Abraham Lincoln
⑵因果法 提出论点-原因-分析条件(如果这样会有什么好处/坏处，而这正是我们所需要/担心的)-得出结果
Lead to/result in
result from
Because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/on account of
For 表示“因为”时不能放在句首
Because/for/since/as
As a result/outcome/consequence of
In consequence/in the end/consequently
Therefore/thereby/hence/thus(副词)
So(连词)
⑶ 比较对照法(整体、分项比较)
整体比较的好处：写起来容易 整体印象完整 缺点：两者对比不鲜明
分项比较的好处：两者对比特别鲜明 缺点：零碎的印象，大量的重复
Interweave 交织
⑷ 分类法/并列法
总论点
分论点一 在A方面 在B方面 在C方面
分论点二
分论点三
⑸定义法
衔接手段
使用连接词和短语(表示并列、转折、递进、因果、比较、对照、举例)
使用代词
使用语意粘连
举例：同意建工厂
常用词汇和结构
表示第一项
Firstly, to begin/start with, first of all, in the first place, on the one hand, the most important reason is, first and foremost
另一项 secondly, in the second place, on the other hand, besides, further more, additionally, in addition, moreover, equally important is, also, too, another
最后一项 last but not the least, most important of all, finally, thirdly, another point/reason
题型分类：
⑴观点选择 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求支持其中一个观点或者观点的一个方面。
Do you agree or disagree with the statements: parents are the best teachers 带有绝对性的题目，驳论更好写
⑵比较对比类 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求进行比较论述，并给出个人观点
It has been said,” Not everything that is learned is contained in books” compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
⑶自定义类 考试频率最低、难度最大
You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. Which country would you like to visit? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
给出一个范围或论题 要求自己确定观点并论述、正面反面都可以写
托福写作中需要注意的四点问题是什么
一：持一立场
针对某一个论题，每一种观点都有它的理由。同样，在托福作文中也不存在着唯一的观点和内容。这时，你可以从两个完全相反的观点中选择一个立场。关键在于你如何说服读者：尽管存在着相反的立场，你的观点从总体上来说仍然是最具说服力的。
一般说来，应该选择那个政治上正确的或者大多数考生会选择的观点。当然，如果你不擅长写这种文章，你可以适当地调整一下内容以适应你较习惯的舒服的表达方式。但总的说来，文章要均衡，不要包含高度争议性的论述。不要把这里当成思想家的论坛。写一篇高度争议性的文章只会让读者对你产生偏见，同时也会使电脑评分器费解，因为这种文章和其数据库里所储存的文章差别太大。所以，针对问题时尽量使用较冷静平和的语气。尽管如此，你也不能不选择一个立场。你必须选择一个将要“出现”在开头段落和结论段落里的观点。当然，考试时，题目会让你选择一种观点，但你必须明确地表述出来。
二：文章的深度
托福 写作每篇文章你只有30分钟，这么短的时间内你不可能覆盖每一个推理，反驳和例子。当你开始考试时，抽出几分钟的时间确定要写的论点和例子。你不必包含每个论题和概念。大部分学生都没有足够的时间覆盖他想覆盖的内容。所以，只要选择其中最具说服力的点和例子。其实，判分者也不期望你对每个论题都作深入的探讨。
这里最重要的是你的作文不要离题，抓住要点。不要扯远了也不要过分集中在某个例子上。
三：例子从何而来
托福写作题目会告诉你可以利用自己的经历来展开你的论点，得出结论。这种方法是可以的，但不要过分。你的推理依据应该更偏向于所学到的知识而非个人经历。你所举的例子或者知识可能很吸引人，但不要试图深入。因为托福作文测试的是你基本写作能力，而非你的专业知识。留学生：尽量多读一些美国杂志，以适应美国人写作的习惯和跟上时代的潮流。
四：保持简洁
试着将自己放在评分者的位置上，他们整天在为作文判分。你希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的简洁的有效的文章还是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?简而言之：确保你的作文干脆，简洁能取悦评分者。在Issue部分这尤其重要，因为在这里你表达的是你自己的观点。
以上就是托福写作考试的注意事项，考生们要记牢这些，尽量避免问题的发生，一些考生为了增加单词量在句子中添加一些无用词，是整段内容显得冗杂繁琐，这类情形要减少发生，只要在生活中多积累经典语句，在托福写作中自然不会发生凑词凑句的情况发生，平时多积累些名人名言，优美句子，用在都是简单句的作文中，会使得你的作文更有深度。
托福写作之三招搞定完美开篇
1). 追根溯源法
即从托福写作题目给出的话题中找出这个现象产生的原因来扩展背景句。这种方法适合大多数的话题，考生要尽量在考前做托福作文练习，这样在考试就可以得心应手了。
请看下面的例子：
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
这个题目中给出的话题是mobile phone，所以考生可以从它产生的原因来考虑，就是科技的繁荣，而科技的繁荣，手机的广泛使用是在20世纪末，这样背景句就有内容可写了。当然要通过相应的句型来写了。如
… (time) witnessed …
这个背景句就可以写成： The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再看一例：
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
这题要求大家讨论大学是提供职业技能还是传授知识。那从传统观点来看，大学是传授知识的地方，为什么会提出要传授技能呢，所以这里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下，大家肯定可以想到是由于找工作已经成为当今教育的目的之一了，所以很多大学就转移到以传授技能为主了。那当然还是要结合句型，这里可以用as 引导的原因状语从句。
参考：As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
2). 重述法。
即对关于这个话题的当前现状的重述。
请看一例：
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
本题的话题关于压力，那考生可从当前社会现象来考虑这个问题，考生不难想出当下对压力这一现象的情况，即很多人都在承受着或多或少的压力。可用it is generally believed that … 形式主语的句型。
参考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例：
Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题话题为环境问题，考生也可用重述法对当前环境问题进行重述，这时，可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表时间的介词短语来引导一个叙述句型。
参考：In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
3). 定义法。
即通过对话题词的定义的介绍，这种方法在新托福开头写作中有一定难度，考生需要有渊博的知识，才能做到对名词的解释，但对特别明显的词语，考生可借鉴这种方法。
请看一例：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题中的话题词为图书馆，可以解释的词也是图书馆比较方便容易。那么到底如何解释呢，比如说图书馆在传统意义上来看，是收藏书的地方，而现在因为科技发展，使得图书馆的意义发生改变，从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语：
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
托福写作范文：二十年之内，人们会减少烹饪时间
写作题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People will spend less time on cooking food in twenty years. 人们在20年之内，会减少在烹饪食物上的时间，是否认同?
写作范文
Food is typically one of the most important parts of a person’s day. “When, what, and where will I eat?” are questions people all over the world ask themselves every day. In twenty years, these questions will remain, but people will not spend less time cooking their own food for several reasons.
To begin, food is obviously important to people. People enjoy food that tastes good to them and relish a home-cooked meal. As technology advances and tasks at work are completed more efficiently, people find they have more leisure time. During the extra leisure time, families might begin to cook meals together as an activity to connect with one another. Preparing home-cooked meals is a timeless activity that families participate in and enjoy. For example, families gather for large home-cooked meals on Thanksgiving and Christmas in the United States. These family gatherings are a way for families to reconnect and catch up over a meal.
Secondly, it is economical for someone to cook their own meal. Instead of going out to lunch to buy food, people will continue to pack their lunches and eat leftovers. Packing lunches and finishing left overs is not only a great way to save money, but will reduce excess and unnecessary environmental waste, especially if the person is using reusable containers to carry his food. Cooking your own food will not only be important in twenty years; it’s important now! With populations skyrocketing all around the world, it has never been more important to reduce unnecessary environmental waste to sustain our world for future generations.
Finally, as rates of obesity continue to rise, fast food and eating out is beginning to get a ‘bad rap.’ Health is a high priority. When someone cooks themselves a meal, he is completely aware of what is being added, as well as the hygiene of the food because he purchased it. In other words, he is familiar with the food before he eats it. Being conscious of what you are consuming is extremely important, especially in order to stay healthy. Cooking your own food is the best way to maintain your weight and this will certainly not go out of style in twenty years.
In twenty years, people will continue to cook their own food. Cooking your own food allows you to spend time with family doing something meaningful for everyone involved, it helps maintain optimal health, and it is economical in many aspects.
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