托福写作怎么练习翻译句子
大家都知道文章是由句子组成的，能写出没有语法错误的句子、用上好的亮点词汇，是日常练习托福写作的基础。那么现在来学习几个亮点连接词和短语，并做一些翻译句子练习吧。
托福写作怎么练习翻译句子
l Not only…but also…
用法：not only X but also Y，XY是两个对等的成分(词性、短语、句子)
翻译练习：
旅游业(tourism)不但给政府带来税收(tax revenue)而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
赌博(gambling)不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦(harmony)。
打工不但能让学生赚零花钱(pocket money/allowance)，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力(interpersonal skills)。
现在很多学校的校服(school uniform)不但贵，而且还难看，质量不好。
政府不但要多建一些公路，还要鼓励(encourage)人们多使用公交车。
答案：
Tourism not only brings tax revenue to the government but also provides many people with job opportunities.
Gambling not only harms people’s health but also damages family harmony./Gambling is detrimental to not only people’s health but also family harmony.
Taking part-time jobs enables students to not only earn pocket money/allowance but also learn interpersonal skills.
Nowadays, many school uniforms are not only expensive/pricy but also poor in their looking and quality.
The government should not only build/construct more roads but also encourage people to use public transport.
l 最近：Currently/recently/these days/nowadays/in the modern society/in recent years
例句：现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
Recently, an increasing number of people have begun to believe that learning new skills and knowledge can help them to get the opportunities of job or promotion.
翻译练习：
现在越来越多的人认为政府不但应该要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。
现在越来越多的人开始相信赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。
在当代社会，越来越多的人认为打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。
近些年来，越来越多的人相信旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
宾语从句介绍观点：
Some people/experts say that…
Other people say that…
It is clear to me that…
The professor/writer/lecturer
says/states/explains/believes/holds that…
It is said/stated/explained/believed/held by the professor that…
翻译练习：
这个演讲者说学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助人们获得工作机会或提升的机会
专家认为政府不但应该要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。
这个作者相信赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。
这个演讲者解释说打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。
这个教授说旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。
托福综合写作的能力要求
我们先简单摘要综合作文题的题目要求中的若干重点信息.
Read a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic写作考试前,考生需要阅读一篇250单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材类似长度的听力材料;
A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系;
Use information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion考生在写作过程中应合理的使用听力和阅读材料中的信息并不得加入个人的意见和观点;
Be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content考生文章的优劣评判将基于其行文的质量和文章内容的完整和准确性.
快速搞定托福综合写作之结构分析法
A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections。
可以看出，ETS并没有规定一篇综合写作应该使用某种固定的结构模式，而只是从信息点的准确提炼，信息组织的条理性和语言的准确性这几个角度定义了一篇满分作文。然而实践中，这样的指导性建议太为笼统。学生还是期望教师能够给出一种易于理解的，安全有效的且操作性强的结构，在考试时依照这个结构构建文章的主体，并以此为基础填充细节，从而快速高效地完成作文。
经过一段时间的教学，总结出两种适合新托福综合写作的结构安排，为了形象理解，称为“点对点”型和“面对面”型的结构，本文就将对这两种结构进行分析和比较。
一、“点对点”的结构
“点对点”的结构指的是把综合写作中的阅读材料和听力材料的每一个对应点都单独提炼出来用一个段落加以阐述。这种结构的优点是可以把阅读文章和听力材料的对应关系更细致地进行说明，使文章层次感强，同时反映出考生提炼信息和对比信息的能力更高。
二、“面对面”的结构
“点对点”的结构指是最理想的结构安排模式，但有时候考生并不能准确地寻找到阅读和听力材料之间的对应点。这有可能是因为阅读和听力材料之间的对应点本身就不是很明显，或者由于考生自身的能力问题，没有完全听懂或看懂，则要写成“点对点”的结构安排模式，难度会比较大。遇到这种情况，建议考生可以尝试使用“面对面”的结构安排模式。它与“点对点”的结构安排模式的区别在于，“面对面”作文的结构并不是逐条阐述对应点，而是在总得阐明听力和阅读文章之间的关系后，分别总结听力材料或阅读材料的要点，从“面”上阐述听力和阅读材料之间的联系。
可以看出，“点对点”和“面对面”的结构有各自的特点，但总得来说“点对点”的结构在“对比型”的新托福综合写作中要更适用一些，因为它能把矛盾点逐一呈现，更细致地体现了听力和阅读材料之间的关系。但掌握“面对面”的结构也很有必要，因为它可以适用一些听力和阅读材料之间的关系是一致、延伸或解释型的考题。此外，在考生无法寻找到所有的对应点时，用“面对面”的结构也算是一种补救措施。
附：新托福综合写作sample answer 两篇，针对的是同一个考题，第一篇用的是“点对点”结构，第二篇用的是“面对面”的结构。
Sample answer 1
Urban sprawl is defined as the growth of cities in an unplanned manner, spreading outward rather than upward. Although urban sprawl brings some positive influence to our lives such as new homes and businesses, better schools, less noise and crime, etc., many people, especially environmental campaigners, see it as harmful to human life and the nature, as it robs people of nature, wiping out parks and farmland, and also brings traffic congestion to roads linking cities and suburbs。
The New Urbanism movement is designed to address urban sprawl, and communities such as Celebration in Florida, which is constructed applying New Urbanism principals, have proved very effective in solving this problem. The first principle of New Urbanism is to provide effective transportation system and environmental protection. To achieve this, the town of Celebration has a large area of greenbelt dedicated to wildlife preservation. It also has buildings that are environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. New Urbanism’s second principle is to provide housing and jobs that are close together. This is reflected in Celebration’s office and apartment buildings which are all densely constructed in a small area to avoid sprawling. Finally, New Urbanism requires neighborhoods to have both single and multi-family residences, and this is exactly what can be seen in the town of Celebration, where residents live close together and find it easy to socialize。
Urban sprawl is low-density, outward growth and mostly single-family residences. Its negative effects are robbing us of our nature and having us meeting traffic jams between cities and suburbs, while its positive effects are providing home construction, new business and better schools, making less noise and causing less crime。
Sample Answer 2
New urbanism has emerged to solve the problem of urban sprawl. Regions have to create transportation systems and environmental protection; Cities need to offer housing and jobs that are close together; Neighborhoods should have single- and multi-family housing where residence can walk to stores, public transportation and parks。
Take the community of Celebration for example. It meets the goal of social and civic interaction by setting up a central market street district and housing including single- and multi-family residences. It also meets the goal of environment preservation with its good environmentally-friendly town design, and with high-rise offices and apartment buildings which help reduce the population density。
New urbanism like celebration will bring new changes to urban sprawl。
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