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如何训练雅思写作的英式思维

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大陆雅思考生在雅思写作上的均分是在6分以下的,事实上,作为雅思考试中比较有难度的一项,雅思作文想要拿高分很难,首先因为文化的不同,很多考鸭不具备英语写作的思维,这种思维不是1,2天就能通过技巧学习到的。小编就为大家具体介绍一下如何才能更好地模仿英式写作思维,并获得雅思写作考官的好感。

如何训练雅思写作中的英式思维

首先大家要明白,如果脑袋里有一个中文的概念或者想法,要用英文来表达的时候总是免不了紧张,因为由于中英两国的文化不同,很多东西无法表达----非常可能不是因为考生的语言问题,而是因为这个中国的概念在英文里面根本就不存在。有数字统计过中英两国语言的词汇量只有40%能互通(所谓的equivalent),而这就意味着剩余的60%的表达肯定是和原文有很大出入的。

甚至很多我们生活中经常使用的语言,不假思索就能说出的概念,在英语文化里很可能根本就没有对应的表达,例如“热闹”这个词,考生们可以试试能否在英文单词中找到让你满意的对得上号的词。“这个地方很热闹”这句话,根据语境可以有不同的翻译,但是总体而言,“热闹”作为一个词来说,在英文里几乎是没有对应的。

因此,我们才强调,写英语作文,说英语口语,要用英语思维,不要用中式思维。这对于很多人来说是个很空洞的概念,只有当你真正用英语与外国人交流的时候才会体会到英式思维的重要性。

这的确很难,因为我们在中式思维里面扎根的太深了。事实上,这也和两国语言本身的特点有关。鲁迅就说过,中文和外文比,吃亏就吃在不够精确,具体到单词水平,就是“词汇量少”。因为词汇量少,因此中文特别讲究“上下文”,一个模糊的词只有在一个特定的语境里面才能让读者感到一个特定的意思。

相比而言,英文在这方面就不是这样,具体的说,大部分英语词都是有着非常确定的意思的,因此,那些在中文里面需要联系上下文才能端倪出的细微差别,也许在英文里面只是另一个单词而已。记住这点,笔者下面所说的也许会对诸位有用,在这里,笔者提供一个方法,就是如果你脑袋中有一个想法的话,仔细想想你到底想精确说的是什么意思。比如,当你想说某一个命题错误的时候,你最好想清楚它到底错在哪里,“illogical, irresponsible, biased, prejudice, fallacy, untrue”这些词之间都有着或大或小的差别,所以主要想看你到底想说的是什么。

综上,各位考鸭如果想锻炼写作的话,建议要做的第一样功课,就是求精细。只有你自己求精细了,才能发现报刊、书籍中对相近的概念的不同表达法的精妙之处,才会由衷地为某篇文章的一个用词会心一笑。写作就是思维表达的一种形式。西方人直线式的思维方式体现在语言上就是西方人说话写文章喜欢开门见山,把关键性的话放在开头,然后再论及其它次要的内容。

而雅思写作涉及到语言的方方面面,从语言的结构上来说最基本的因素包括遣词、造句和篇章。螺旋与直入的思维差异就会影响到这些方面,具体包括修饰语与中心词、句子和篇章。

修饰语与中心词

英语的修饰语,如介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等皆放在被修饰语的后面;而汉语的修饰语无论长短、繁简,皆置于被修饰语的前面。体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。例如:

1. The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.

汉语“全世界的科学家”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法”同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。

2. We appreciate your words about the relations between our two countries.

汉语“有关我们两国关系的谈话”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“有关我们两国关系”,同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。

3. The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from the refrigerator.

“他从冰箱里所能拿到的吃的东西”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。

4. The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world natural resources.

比较而言,该句主语太长,谓语太短,构成了不连续性修饰语,不过还是有些突兀,但修饰语还得后置。而汉语“怎样合理分配世界自然资然的问题”仍是修饰语在前,中心词在后。

句子

英语句子开门见山,其主谓结构是全句的“纲”,其余成份是“目”,一般先下结论,后叙事,从近到远,新近发生的事先出现,重心落在句首。汉语句子一般以逻辑关系和时间的先后顺序排列,一般先叙事,后下结论,由远及近,重心落在句尾。这种差异体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。

中国学生在英语写作时往往会受汉语思维的影响,写出下面的句子:

1. When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am grateful for that.

2. Tom’s mother died when he was only two years old, so he did not remember her.

3. After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened one after another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, we had been dismayed.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made us very joyful.

如果按英语直入的思维方式,以上几句要改写成:

1. I am very grateful for your help to me during my stay in Guangzhou last month.

2. Tom did not remember his mother who died when he was only two years old.

3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1959.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet to our great joy, Dad came all the same.

这种思维方式的转换要是更复杂一点,对中国学生来说,是需要操练的。例如:

1. 我认为如果他们初次相识时,她很穷,他未必会爱她。这位女性由于对他有好感而帮助他,使他心存感激,这种感激之情很容易发展成为真挚的爱情。

I do not suppose he would have loved her if she had been poor when he first knew her, but the gratitude which he felt for the help which he owed to her kindly interest in him easily developed into a sincere affection. (条件关系和多层因果关系的转换)

2. 她去深圳参加一个会议,会议结束后,她就到香港去购物,昨天才回来。

She came back yesterday from Hong Kong where she had gone shopping after the meeting in Shenzhen.(时间顺序的转换)

段落篇章

总体而言,英文篇章,一般都采用直线型的形式,尤其是说明文议论文,更是一般——具体式的。英语篇章是a writer-responsible pattern, 即作者在篇章中有责任、有义务向读者交代其主旨或目的。为使读者省时高效,英语篇章开门见山,一开头就直接点明段落的主题句 (topic sentence) 或全文的中心思想 (thesis statement), 即亮明作者的观点、态度、看法等;或者以引言开门,即“首先用一个熟悉的事实、观点、故事、引言等开头,然后直接见到作者全文的观点思想”。

由以上分析可知,西方人的直线式思维和中国人的螺旋式思维存在明显的差异,体现在语言中,几乎渗透到语言的各个单位,包括词汇、句子、段落和全篇。当然,笔者无意说思维模式孰好孰坏,正如我们不能断言文化模式孰好孰坏一样。但作为学英语的中国人,学原汁原味的语言是我们要达到的最高境界。自然,这里的语言也应包括discourse或text。

因此考生们要知道,一种思维是一种文化长期的积淀,它已进入该民族的潜意识,根深蒂固,如果只学语言本身,不会知其所以然,一旦到了使用语言时,汉语思维自然突现,写出Chinglish, 浑然不知。此外,建议考生多背诵和模仿英语经典文章,如《新概念英语》第三册上的文章,笔者认为皆为语言的精华,不但文词优美,每课都是一篇范文,原汁原味,多读这样的文章,一定会有所启发。由此看来,老生常谈而又令人费解的“学会用英语思维”,倒不如换个说法——学会英汉思维转换,即懂得英汉思维的差异,在平时读书的时候去真实地领悟,久而久之,就能写出地道的英文来,至少不会写出那么多的Chinglish。

综上所述,想要取得雅思写作7分甚至更高的分数,单靠所谓的模板和复杂的句式是做不到的,只有从写作思维模式上进行改变,才有可能取得好的写作成绩。而中式思维的根深蒂固必定会对正确的英语写作思维产生阻力,因此,临摹英式思维的文章以及阅读海外学术著作对于转变写作思维有着至关重要的作用。

最后为大家总结一句,想要拿到雅思写作7分以上的分数,雅思写作模板及一些复杂句显然是不够的,考鸭们需要在雅思写作考试中注重训练自己的写作思维模式。各位考鸭不妨多去外文新闻网站及刊物上寻找这种思维方式,并不断去模仿,这不仅有助于雅思写作高分,更能提高自己的英文写作能力,可谓一举两得。祝各位考鸭早日摆脱雅思写作,和雅思说分手。

雅思技巧:雅思写作攻克长难句

雅思写作是学术性的写作。有英语学习经验的同学,一看到学术性几个字,恐怕立刻想到的就是长难句:各种不同性质的从句在同一个句子里面纠缠不清,让我们这些看句子的人也是辗转徘徊,大有大脑不过热誓不罢休之势。有的同学可能会很喜欢这种感觉,觉得写出一个这么“高级”的句子来充分体现了作者的语法功底和驾驭文字的能力。

诚然,复杂句,长难句是非常考验写作者的语法功底的;可是,这些句子的作用也仅限于考验而已。想要单纯通过长难句来在雅思写作中取得好的分数,基本上是不可能任务。

写作的目的,在于交流。因此,追溯复杂句产生的根源,我们应该能找到促使其产生和发展的交流需要。那么,我们就应该明白,除非是为了表达清楚意思,否则长难句是非常没有必要的。但是,我们每每写出来的长难句,却与之背道而驰。

考虑这样一个句子:We all know the IELTS test well, which stands for International English Learner Test System, when we are confronting the options of studying abroad which is increasingly heated as more and more parents want their children to acquire education in foreign countries, which is of great essence nowadays, when the competition is fierce and unemployment is a big issue。这个句子很长,59个单词,包含了各种从句,但是这个句子表达意思并不清楚,说了很多,到后面把前面第一个分句的重点都丢了。还好里面没有明显的语法错误,不然表意方面会更糟糕。这个句子的优点在于很长,可以凑字数;语法很多,可以吸引注意力(至于吸引注意力的后果是好是坏,那就不得而知了)。但是这个句子并没有表达出一个完整的意思,这是写作的大忌。何况,并不是每个人都如这个句子的作者一样能够驾驭语法,犯错是不可避免的。

实际上,上面那个句子可以用几个稍短的句子来表达。英语写作中有一个基本的原则,叫做”One sentence, one point。”一句话一个意思。上面这个句子,首先是说我们很了解雅思;其次说出国现在越来越热门,所以知道雅思的人越来越多;最后说出国热的原因是竞争激烈就业压力大。所以,完全可以用三个句子来表达。而且这三个句子中肯定有要用到从句的地方,并不会如有些同学所担心的那样影响分数。

事实上,从句的使用都是有条件的,不同的从句有不同的功能。名词性从句是对名词性成分的具体说明,而且往往是不得已而为之,因为英语中的名词是很多的,名词不能表达的概念能有多少呢?定语从句用于修饰,跟定语的作用一样。要注意的是,定语是“限定语”,首要作用是划出范围。因此,定语从句首要的作用也是区别中心词与其他概念,其次才是补充说明。状语从句是用来修饰动作或整个句子,有时间地点程度等等多种,但总是离不开具体描述这个中心。只有真正掌握了不同句子的不同作用,才能驾驭这些句型,真正实现“交流”的目的,达到理想的写作效果。

雅思技巧:教你如何成为完美雅思小作文达人

第一阶段

第一个5小时:热身

无论是什么样的 英语作文,都离不开 语法 的支持。它就像修房子的地基一样,只有牢固的语法基础,作文这座摩天大楼才能拔地而起。就小作文而言,我们可以将语法复习分为两个部分。即时态和句型。众所周知,英语十二大时态乃语法之根本,然而雅思小作文仅需两个时态即可搞定!从考官的满分作文来看,除了首句用一般现在时,后面的句子都可以用一般现在时。当然有一种情况例外,就是如果给你的图表上面有对将来的预测即你当前时间以后的情况的话我们就用一般现在时加表预测的 词汇 来使用就可以了。句型方面要求也不是很高,在我们中学阶段所学的简单句和复杂句上面找寻最合适的就行了,原则上雅思小作文并不推荐大家使用太过于复杂的长难句。从满分范文上就能看出端倪,一篇好的小作文就是在它身上抠不出更多的东西。所以,小品词,插入语,非谓语动词等的用法尤为 关键 和重要,请大家在准备阶段的时候多加复习。

第二个5小时:练习

此阶段的练习并非小作文的练习,而是在正式进入攻坚阶段前的准备性练习。请问你准备好了开始写作文了吗?相信大部分同学还没准备好!怎么办?拿出你的新概念英语,不要看原文,只看作者翻译的中文,尝试着再翻回到英文去。看看你的版本和英文原版还差多少。坚持一段时间后你会发现你的翻译水平上升了很多,至少是在句子翻译上面你会逐渐习惯原文的精炼和巧妙。此乃前期阶段练习写作的不二之法!!

第二阶段

第一个2.5小时:破冰

雅思官方规定了小作文写作时间20分钟最低字数150字,大作文写作时间40分钟最低字数180字。从这个层面就很好的印证了官方的那句话:”Writing Task 2 carries more weight.”小作文所占分值不如大作文高,但并不代表着它就不重要,往往小作文写得好坏足以影响后面大作文发挥的 心情 和状态。那么怎么样写好一篇小作文呢?首先我们要确定所谓小作文究竟有哪些?其实就是两大类:主流类(曲线图、饼状图、柱状图和表格图),非主流类(流程图、示意图和地图)。针对不同的类别我们又不同的写法,但无论怎样都是遵循着游戏规则来的,即官方的四大评分标准:TA(Task Achievement)(任务完成) C&C(Coherence and Cohesion)(连贯与衔接) LR(Lexical Resource)(词汇资源) GR&A(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)(语法范围与精确)。听起来很抽象是不是?我们换成 新航道 给你的捷径就是:三个六选一(选词汇,选句型和选连接)加上一个分段技巧(按内部逻辑关系分段、找最少属性分段和找对比和类比分段)的妙用就可以解决通杀大部分小作文了!再配合着五步解题法,那恭喜你,小作文方面可以独步江湖了!五步解题法,即:看、分、解、定、写。拿到图表以后先看图例和任务要求,再有一个清晰的分段,雅思考官非常注重文章的逻辑性,所以你要有脉络清楚的分段,这是得 高分 的先决条件。然后解构分段后的内容,确定该写和不该写的部分,一篇好的高分作文是非常精炼的,你抠不出来任何多余的部分。其次是定词汇句型和连接,词汇决定句型,再用不同的连接手段将其糅合成多样化的句型搭配。这一切在3分钟内完成,最后剩下15分钟写出字迹工整的一篇180字左右的小作文,并给后面的大作文留出足够的时间和空间。看到此,你是否觉得小作文就是用现成的句型词汇加连接的排列组合了呢?对,雅思官方没有说小作文不能用套用句,它本来就是客观性的描写,所以用上3个六选一何尝不可呢?那么大家是否开始觉得想要试着写写了呢?且看第二阶段。

第二个2.5小时:巩固

曲线图是所有小作文里面最简单和基础的类别,写好了曲线图基本也就掌握了小作文的要领。曲线图又分为一根曲线,两根曲线,三个曲线和四根曲线的模式,其中一根曲线不会考到,两根曲线若干年前考过,三根曲线和四根曲线是目前最容易考的,但无论怎样,曲线图的写法都脱离不了总体趋势描写、起始点、末尾点、最低点、最高点、交叉点和落差。做到这几步,TA部分的分数也就不会低了。剑7Test2的那道题相当具有代表性,请在不看范文的情况下用上面所讲的五部解题法并配合三个六选一的技巧写出第一篇属于自己的小作文。饼状图,顾名思义就是像饼一样的图形中给你不同的属性所占的不同部分,写此文章最关键就是不能写成流水账,任务要求我们要Make comparisons,那么我们就可以从这里入手用同等属性在不同饼里面的上升下降保持不变来定位分段加比较,请注意在选词上面要和曲线图区分开来。同样在剑7Test4里为我们提供了一篇非常好的四个饼的真题,此乃练习之绝佳材料。柱状图完全就是曲线图的变体,横坐标上若是时间或者数字的话我们直接将每根柱子顶端连接后按曲线图的写法写就行了,否则按饼状图的写法写即可。表格图相对来说写法较为综合,怎样在给出的那么多信息中找出最有代表性的写是关键,从横纵轴上入手,发现变量最为丰富的用曲线图和饼状图的混合词汇句型带出对比和描述即可,剩下的非关键信息点不写也罢。写完剑6Test2你会发现你收获很多的!

第三个2.5小时:跃升考试大-中国教育考试门户网站(www.Examda。com)

写完前面四篇文章你是否发现你的文章和满分范文还是不小的差距?这是很正常的,任何一个没有接触过雅思作文的同学都会经历三个阶段,即不知如何下笔阶段,才思泉涌小作文写成大作文阶段,精炼到无限接近满分范文阶段。所以你现在需要做的事情就是拿起手中的满分范文仔细钻研,发现并找出它细微的小品词,插入语,从句等,以求让自己的文章更加精辟和精炼。下面一个应该解决的就是小作文的第二大类,非主流类的流程图、示意图和地图了。此乃众多 烤鸭 心中的梦魇,其实一样不用害怕,只要你愿意冷静的花上几分钟时间去把它们的图例和内容吃透,并按照要么空间顺序要么时间顺序或者是按照题目要求去写就行了。而且,大部分非主流的小作文会给出足够多的词汇在图上,你只需要利用不同的时间或空间的连接词配合着多样化的句型将其组合起来即可,理论上来说它们比主流类的小作文更加简单!剑6Test3上那道蚕的生长过程以及丝绸的制造步骤便是最好的例证,你会诧异的发现原来满分范文是那么的简单和容易。至于地图题这个逐渐在抬头的题型,剑5Test3上那道开超市的选址题会让你清楚的认识到原来地图题就是分析不同地点的优缺点并加以比较得出自己的结论,虽然它的写法开始有了像大作文偏向的痕迹。总之,非主流毕竟是非主流,以不变应万变乃破此类题之王道!

第四个2.5小时:完善

切记:任何武林绝学拿到以后仍需大量的练习才能笑傲江湖,小作文亦是如此!仅仅只是上面四篇文章还不足以让你轻松自如的面对和锻炼身体控迎面而来的不同题型。那么,借助手中所有的剑3到剑7这五本真题集,把总共20道小作文题目都练习一遍。用五步解题法,借助三大分段技巧和三个六选一将所给图表一层一层剥开重新用最精辟的语言描述出来,再去吸取满分范文的优点和总结考生低分范文的不足。你将来的小作文会让考官眼前一亮的!

雅思技巧:常见雅思作文题目汇总

1. You are an university student who are living in the accommodation at the campus. One day you find something wrong with your accommodation. So you write a letter to the House Officer to tell them what happened, the reason you think, what you decide to do, and whether if it is right.

2. It is wrong that our government pay more money to the artist projects, for instance, there are more and more paintings and sculptures appearing at the public places, because there are more important thing to do. What's you opinion? Do you agree or disagree with it?

3. writing to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

4. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical condition and social development.

5. You have left college. But you didn't say goodbye to your friend who live in the room with you because he had a course at that time. Write a letter to him to appology and tell hem how you spend that days before you leave and how you get home. Then invite him to visit you.

6. Some people say the parents should except school to conduct their children's behavior and tell them what is 'right' or 'wrong'. Others say schools should take this responsibility. Please give your point about it.

7. Write to the agency officer and complain about the rent car which has sth wrong. Tell them the problems of the car you rent from the agency and your requiring.

8. As the developing countries and the third world countries, there are a funds, how to use it? Invest in the basic education or in the high-technology, for instance, computer? What's your opinion?

9. You are a foreign student. Write to the Student Union, introduce your hobbies and interests and ask information of clubs and societies. You want to join a club or society enjoy your time when you study there.

10. Fast food is developing more and more popular. It replaces other traditional food. Some people think it is good, some people disagree with it. What's your opinion about it. Give some reason of your opinion.

11. A friend will visit Beijing. You will meet him at airport. But for some reason, you have to be late. Explain the reason. Since you haven't meet each other, tell the friend where you will meet and how to recognize each other.

12. More and more children's writing & math ability are affected by computers and calculators. We should limit the use of those tools. Disagree or agree.

13. you have broke your leg and have to stayed in hospital. you received many cards and letters from your classmates. write a letter to tell them your detail of your position and thank them at the same time.

14. some people say that it is impossible for women to be an effective women and to be a good mother in home at the same time. they also suggest that the government should give the salary to mothers who stay at home to take care of their children.

15. Your friend write to you and tell you that he is hesitating to chose computer or history as his major in university. Write to him and tell him your opinion.

16. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical conditions and social development.

17. You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and ask for a new room nest term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reason.

18. Who has responsible for our old people?

19. Write to the agency officer to complain about a rent house by them. Tell them the problems of the house and your requiring.

20. You read an ad about a sale of a shop in the local newspaper, when you came to buy the goods you wanted, you find the sale had ended. Write to the shop manager and complain about this. Require for the compensation.

21. Write to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

22. You are accepted as an oversea student by an university. Before you go to the university, write to the student officer and ask them sth about the accommodation, the transportation,and the class schedule.

23. You are a history teacher at a high school. You see an ad at the local newspaper to introduce the local museum which coincidens with what you teach now. Write to the museum officer and tell them that you want to bring your students to visit it.

24. Write a letter to your friend and express thanks for his present which was brought to you during you were ill at the hospital.

25. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think? Give reasons for your answer.

26. The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Give reasons for your answer.

27. People can do longer expect a job for life. What should individuals and governments do to prepare the current and future environments for different working conditions?

28. As technological innovation brings about rapid changes and retraining becomes a lifelong necessity, industry should take over more and more of the responsibility for education.

29. It is more important for governments to ensure adequate standards of housing, education and health care for their citizens by developing the industrial base than to use their resources to develop the rural areas.

30. Business education and training today must promoter environmental awareness.

31. Whilst studying abroad provides an opportunity to broaden one's experience, it also presents the danger of negative influences from the host culture.

32. Technological advances continue to improve manufacturing efficiency; the weight of a drinks can has come down from thirty-five grams to about fifteen grams, for example, and modern cars and production techniques are much more energy efficient. Governments need to control the environment rather than controlling industry, as companies already control their resources very efficiently.

33. Training for work is far more important than proving a broad-based education.

34. What steps should a student take in preparing for tertiary education and what would be the benefit of taking such steps?

35. The developed world should lead by example and not insist that aid to the Third World is used to develop rural areas.

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