2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析
托福综合写作部分的训练,自然也离不开大量真题的练习。在1月12日的托福写作中,综合部分的考试真题内容是什么,如何更好的进行作文的构思?大家可以参考相应的范文解析,来备考练习这部分题目。下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考!
2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析
话题分类
社会科学。
考题回忆
1-总论点
Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.
2-阅读部分
All these three evidence are not true.
(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.
(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.
(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.
3-听力部分
Refute each point raised in reading part separately.
These evidence are more stronger than we thought.
(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.
(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.
(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.
解题思路
总写阅读材料和听力材料的主题与关系。
用听力材料中的内容一一反驳阅读材料中的观点。
托福词汇背诵的七大误区
1. 背托福单词拼写,但是不注意中文意思。其实我们在应用一门语言的时候,最常用的能力是认识的能力,换句话说,也就是阅读的能力,这个是我们最常用的能力,我们首先要解决这个问题,换句话说,对于一个单词,我们首先要知道这个单词的中文意思是什么,而至于单词的拼写,只要考试之前多写,就会发现自己常用的单词,然后这些单词,写多了,自然也就会拼写了。这一点非常重要,切记!背单词,一定要注重中文意思,而不是拼写。
2. 绝大多数人都需要背单词。不管你是国际学校、亦或者是海外留学生,都是需要背单词的。很多考友认为自己过了大学6级就不用背单词,实际上过了大学6级的水平,也就是托福60分上下的水平,真的与100分的要求相差的还很远。
反过来,哪些人不用背单词呢?1,sat2000分以上, 2,gre300以上,亦或者是托福阅读26分以上,如果你没有达到上面的任何一个要求的话,那么,你就必须要背单词!
3. 只背托福单词。其实托福考试的单词书,是有一个传统的,也就是绝大多数的材料都是针对高分通过大学英语6级的人来准备的。
因此,现在市面上几乎所有的托福单词书全都是默认去掉了大学4级单词的。但是实际上,现在很多考友也就是大学4级水平,甚至更低。对于这部分人来说,第一步应该背的是大学4级单词,有的人甚至需要背高中单词,而不是只背一本托福单词,就完事大吉的。
4. 背多本托福单词书。就市面上所有主流的托福单词书,其实所涵盖的单词都是差不多的,除了那本托福10000,其他的单词书都是可以的。托福10000所列出的单词很多都不会考到,是过难了。除此之外,绝大多数的单词书都是差不多的。只要背完里面的任意一本,就可以保证涵盖90%以上其他的单词书了,因此没有必要背很多本同样级别的单词书。
5. 每天背不同的单词。在背单词的道里面,已经说了,背单词的最好的方法就是反复、大量、多次背相同的单词。可是很多考友很喜欢第一天背1-3list,第二天背4-6list,第三天背7-9list,第四天就崩溃了,发现前面背的单词全都忘了。
马上感叹背单词是不靠谱的,自己背不下来单词的。但是这么背单词是不对的,应该第一天、第二天、第三天、直至第十天都应该背1-9单元,每天都把1-9单元看很多遍才对,这样才是背单词。前面那样的每天背不同的单词,那是在相亲!而托福需要的是谈恋爱,也就是大宝天天见!
6. 背托福单词的多个释义。其实对于人类来说,最容易记住的,是一对一的关系,最可怕的就是需要记住一个网络。我们在背单词的时候也是这样,如果一开始背单词的时候,就试图记住单词的多个释义,那么会让我们在背单词的效率上大打折扣!因此我们应该在背单词的时候,只记住自己最熟悉的意思。当我们把这个单词背下来之后,再背其他的释义,要知道,背单词的时候,扩展永远是比一开始背这个单词要简单很多的。
7. 忽略词性。其实在分析句意的时候,单词的词性是一个超级重要的辅助因素!因为如果没有单词词性的辅助,我们会经常无法判断错误单词的逻辑结构的,因此,在背单词的时候,除了背单词的最贴近自己生活的释义,还要把词性也记下来,这一点非常重要!
托福写作怎么提高 三个方法增强文章连贯性
一般来说,衔接手段可以分成三个层次,词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion)、语法衔接 (grammatical cohesion)、修辞衔接 (rhetorical cohesion)。
(一)词汇衔接
- 原词重复 (direct repetition) 、同义词 (synonyms)、反义词 (antonyms)
- 来自于相同语义场 (semantic field) 和词汇链 (lexical chains) 的单词
- 使用one/ ones进行词汇替代 (substitution)
(二)语法衔接
- 指代 (reference): 代词、冠词
- 使用 so/ do/ does/ did 等进行从句元素替代
- 比较级
- 时态
(三)修辞衔接
- 提问与回答
- 平行结构 (parallelism)
下面我们结合托福一个写作题目和对应的高分范文 (high-level responses) 进行讲解。
Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples.
Source: TOEFL? Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide
上面这个题目需要考生思考并比较在本国旅游和在外国旅游各自的好处,然后决定是否同意 “人们在本国旅游获得的益处比在外国旅游获得的益处更多” 这个观点。在这里我们给各位提供官方选取的高分回答,第一篇来自挪威的Aarcha Z.同学,第二篇来自中国的_同学。
01
Aarcha 同学对于题目持有不同意的观点 (Disagree),她认为到国外旅游好处更多。以下是她的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I think that people benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.”
我们这里节选她文章其中一个主体段。
In addition to that, travelling to another country gives you the perfect excuse to learn a new language. For example, I’m planning to go to France next year, and I’ve already started learning basic French with the help of apps on my mobile phone. [Learning a new language] is a wonderful thing, as it not only helps you get around in foreign countries, but also makes you attractive in the job market. If you’re travelling in your own country, you will never truly need to learn a new language, and will therefore miss out on the opportunity that it brings.
分析:
该文段使用的衔接手段主要是:(一)词汇衔接中的同义词(二)语法衔接中的代词指代 (reference)
首先 “that” 是一个代词,指代文中第一个理由 “to experience new sights, cultures and food”; 另外, “another country” 是题目中 “foreign countries” 的另外一种表达形式; “it” 用来表示 “learning a new language” 的意思。全段100个单词,出现了4处衔接手段的使用,使得段落内容清晰紧密。
02
_同学对于题目持有同意的观点 (Agree),他认为在国内旅游好处更多。以下是他的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I deem I can benefit more from travelling in my own countries.”
我们这里节选他文章中两个主体段来分析其使用衔接手段的情况。
The most critical reason is time. As a traveler, I would prefer spending more time exploring my destination rather than getting stuck at the security checkpoint, sitting in the airplane, and waiting in a long queue at the custom, which are often associated with international travel. For example, if I have a week of vacation, instead of spending 2 days on the way, I could choose a destination that may only take me [a] couple [of] hours to get there that means I have 1 extra more vacation day.
Secondly, ….
Lastly, international trip can cost travelers significantly more comparing to a domestic one. Admittedly, cost of a trip is often determined personal choice and preference but a lot of fees, such as visa and currency exchange, are often inevitable. In addition, to save money in another unknown country can be a lot more challenging.
分析:
该文段使用的衔接手段主要是:(一)词汇衔接-同义词; 词汇衔接- one/ ones 替代(二)语法衔接中的比较级 (三)修辞衔接中的平行结构 (parallelism)
首先第一段中连续使用了三个平行结构来表达到国外旅游可能会遇到的不方便 “getting stuck at the security checkpoint” , “sitting in the airplane” , “waiting in a long queue at the custom”, 另外, “international travel” 以及第三段中的 “international trip” 是同义词,“domestic” 是题目中 “in their own country” 同义表达,最后 “domestic one” 当中的 “one” 也是为了避免重复前面的内容而进行指代的。
这些衔接手段的使用增加了上下文内容的连贯性,也丰富了语言表达形式,使得段落内容清晰紧密生动。 两段的内容不算多,但单从衔接手段的角度来讲还是值得各位考生学习和借鉴的。
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