雅思写作如何使用状语从句
在雅思写作考试中，状语从句的使用能起到非常明显的强调突出作用，如何利用状语从句拿高分呢?
雅思写作备考句型：状语从句的使用
状语的定义非常复杂，也不是很好理解，现在给大家介绍一个较为简单的概念。状语：即由介词引导出来的短语结构。
简单的介词有：in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside, outside等，难一点的介词短语包括：according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。
今天我们来讲一下雅思考试常见五大句型一：主谓结构，如何借助状语变得高大上起来的。
Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London (UK).
这句话的C7T3七分小作文中的句子，将句子中介词引导的状语全部删去后，句子剩下的部分为the average pricesof houses decreased significantly.。这是一个大多数同学都能顺畅写出的主谓结构的句子。
同样，考官考题中的主谓结构也不算少数：Nowadayssome individuals behave in an anti-society way, such ascommitting a crime.这句话只翻译黑色部分，也就是去掉状语后的部分时，几乎没人不会翻译：现如今很多人都这样做。单独翻译状语部分也不是很难：in an anti-societyway,用一种反社会的方式such as committing a crime比如犯罪。那么连接在一起，这句话的意思是：现如今很多人会做一些反社会的事儿，比如犯罪。
雅思写作中如何利用状语从句拿分
一、原因状语从句
能引导原因状语从句的词汇有：because，as，since，inthat
例如：
World food outputper head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980smainly as a
result of increases in yields from land already in cultivationbut also
becausemore land has been brought under plough.
在20世纪70以及80年代，平均每人的食物产量增加了4%，主要是因为现有的耕地食物产量增加，还有一个原因是越来越多的土地被用来耕地。
The removal ofsubsidies stopped land-clearing and over-stocking,because they in thepast had been the principal causes of soil erosion.
因为津贴的废除，导致开荒毁林以及过度放牧的停止，曾经这是水土流失的主要原因。
Such fuel crops areless likely to contribute to the greenhouse effectasthey produce farless carbon dioxide, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.
这样的燃料作物相比之下更不太可能导致温室效应，因为燃烧他们产生的二氧化碳更少并且在这些作物的成长过程中会吸收二氧化碳。
从以上句子中可以看出，原因状语从句的引导词后面接的是一个完整的句子，不能缺少任何的主谓宾成分，并且因为、所以不能同时出现在一个句子里面，有了because就不可以再出现so了，反之亦然。
注：如果能用because of就不要用because。介词词组相比与连词的优势在于because of后面接词组，这就要求考生能将自己的句子进行凝缩。
介词词组有：because of, dueto, as a result of, thanks to, owing to
二、结果状语从句
能引导结果状语从句的词汇有：so...that...
These remarkablebeetles have evolved and adapted so successfullyto the localenvironmentthat they have reached their natural boundaries.
这些甲壳虫进化以及适应当地的环境如此之快以至于他们的数量已经到达了自然界能到达的最大值。
The tuition feeincreasesso rapidly thatmany students take part-time jobs to lightenthe financial burden of their parents.
教育费用增加如此之快以至于很多的学生参加兼职去减少父母的经济负担。
以上两个句子是最基本的句型，写作中可以采用这个基本句型的升级版，将之改为倒装句：
So
successfullyhave these remarkablebeetles evolved and adapted to the local environmentthat they havereached their natural boundaries.
So
rapidly does the tuition fee increase that manystudents take part-time jobs to lighten the financial burden of their families.
将so提前，that后面的句子不发生任何其他的变化。倒装句共四种形式：
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Heis so tall that he cannot sit in the first row.
改成So tall is he thathe cannotsit in the first row.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Hecan do it so quickly that he earns most.
改成So quickly can he do it thatheearns most.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Hehas done it so quickly that he gets the prize from the manager.
改成So
quickly has he done it thathe gets the prizefrom the manager.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Hegets the highest mark so easily that he often looks down upon those industriousstudents.
改成So
easily does he get the highest mark thathe often looks down upon those industrious students.
把动词分成四种，前三种(系动词、情态动词以及完成时态)将系动词、情态动词以及构成完成时态的助动词(have，has，had)倒装;第四种实义动词，用助动词do以及其变体进行倒装。
三、时间状语从句
常用的时间状语从句：not...until，since，as
soon as，hardly...when，nosooner...than...
这里重点讲解hardly...when...，以及nosooner...than...
Ihad hardly gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.(过去完成时，过去时)
我刚离开厨房，电话就响了。
改成倒装句：
Hardly had I gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.
Hardly had the newsspread around the country when the president came up with another idea to get ahigher efficiency.
四、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词：if，provided
that，providingthat
If the governmenttakes immediate steps to curb this situation, the general public will trust thegovernment again.
可以将if改成provided
that，也可以改成providing
that。
注：if除了可以表示条件之外，还可以表示虚拟。条件是可以实现而虚拟表示与事实相反，不可能实现。
[if !supportLists]1) [endif]与现在相反
If he did it, he
would become successfully. 从句用过去式，主句用情态动词的过去时。
If I were you, I
would do it. Be动词的虚拟形态只能用were，不管主语是单数或复数。
If it were not forthe beetles, chemical fertilizer would be washed by rain into streams andrivers before it could be absorbed into the hard earth, polluting water coursesand causing blooms of blue-algae.
[if !supportLists]2) [endif]与过去相反
If he had done the
task, he would have got the award. 从句用过去完成时，主句用情态动词的过去时+完成时。
[if !supportLists]3) [endif]与将来相反
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
If he came here, hewould take some gifts to me.
在写作中，比较实用的是表示现在相反以及过去事实相反。并且在表示虚拟的句型中，有三个句型可以进行倒装。
If I were you, Iwould do it.
改成Were I you, Iwould do it.
If he had done thetask, he would have got the award.
改成Had hedone the task, he would have got the award.
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
改成Should someonecall me, leave me a message.
如何在英语写作中运用状语从句的省略?
一、 状语从句的省略形式必须符合以下两个条件：
1. 从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句主语是it)
2. 从句的谓语部分有系动词be
如果满足以上两个条件，就可以省略从句的主语+be，只保留其他成分，这样可以使句子更加简洁明了。
二、 状语从句常见的省略现象
1. 时间状语从句的省略
由when，while，until，after，before， since等引导，如：
Fear is something innate that we actually rely on to keep us safe when (we are) faced with danger. (Skillful reading & writing level3, P13)
解析：这里when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句rely on的逻辑主语一致，且从句有系动词are，此时可以把从句主语we和系动词are一起省略。
When (the brain is) multitasking, the brain is concentrating on one task and then switching to the other, in sequence. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P31)
解析：when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句is concentrating on的逻辑主语一致，且从句有系动词is，此时可以把从句主语the brain和系动词is一起省略。
2. 条件状语从句的省略
由if，unless，once引导，如：
If (these projects are) successful, these projects have amazingly positive potential. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P21)
解析：if引导的条件状语从句中省略了these projects are。
Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.
解析：在once引导的条件状语从句中省略了the museum is。
3. 让步状语从句的省略
由although，though，even if，even though，wherever，whenever，however等引导，如：
Although (he was) the youngest in the group, Tom won all the prize.
解析：although引导的让步状语从句省略了he was。
This viewpoint, however understandable (it is), is not practical.
解析：however引导的让步状语从句省略了it is。
4. 方式状语从句
由as，as if，as though 引导，如：
He did it as required.
解析：由as引导的方式状语从句中省略了 he was。
The girl looked as if afraid of nothing.
解析：由as if引导的方式状语从句省略了she was。
5. 比较状语从句
在比较状语从句中，常在as和than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分，有时甚至省略整个as和than引导的从句，如：
He can play basketball as well as I.
解析：由as引导的比较状语从句省略了do。
You finished the work three weeks earlier than (you were) expected.
解析：由than引导的比较状语从句省略了you were。
6. 其他形式
(1) 在状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语一致，有时候从句谓语没有系动词，也可以省略，如：
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the difference without noticing many similarities.
解析：这里when comparing different cultures就是when we compare different cultures。
(2) 由if引导的习惯用法，常有：if not，if possible，if necessary 等，如：
Correct the mistake in your composition if any.
解析：这里的if any 相当于 if there is any。
就像一幅画作中不应该由多余的线条，一台机器不应该有多余的零件，一句话中也不应该有赘词。所以能够用简洁有力的方式表达的意思可能更好一些。从上面的状语从句的省略现象可以看出语言表达的多样性，灵活性和可变性。如果我们能够灵活的掌握这种省略的形式，可以有效提高我们句子表达的技巧。虽然状语从句的省略形式可以提高我们句子表达的多样性，但是这种省略形式必须以保持句子原有意思不变，不产生歧义和准确性的基础上输出。
状语从句如何增加雅思写作的难度
雅思句子的宗旨，万变不离其宗，只有五大基本句型，除此以外，都是在五大基本句型上添加了部分修饰，使得句子看起来比较高大上。而在这些添加的部分当中，最重要的一项当属状语了。
状语的定义非常复杂，也不是很好理解，现在给大家介绍一个较为简单的概念。状语：即由介词引导出来的短语结构。
简单的介词有：in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside,
outside等，难一点的介词短语包括：according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in
front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。
今天我们来讲一下雅思考试常见五大句型一：主谓结构，如何借助状语变得高大上起来的。
Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the
averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin
NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London
(UK).
这句话的C7T3七分小作文中的句子，将句子中介词引导的状语全部删去后，句子剩下的部分为the average pricesof houses
decreased significantly.。这是一个大多数同学都能顺畅写出的主谓结构的句子。
同样，考官考题中的主谓结构也不算少数：Nowadayssome individuals behave in an anti-society way,
such ascommitting a
crime.这句话只翻译黑色部分，也就是去掉状语后的部分时，几乎没人不会翻译：现如今很多人都这样做。单独翻译状语部分也不是很难：in an
anti-societyway,用一种反社会的方式such as committing a
crime比如犯罪。那么连接在一起，这句话的意思是：现如今很多人会做一些反社会的事儿，比如犯罪。
加油添加状语，让自己的雅思写作句子变得丰富起来吧。
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