大学英语六级长篇对话解题技巧大放送!
今天就让我们来看看英语六级中的长篇对话,为大家介绍一些方法技巧帮助大家突破六级听力,那接下来就一起来看一下吧。
4大常考题型
细节辨认题
细节辨认题在历年四级短文听力中所占比例最大。它涉及面广,题目的形式多种多样,且多以wh-问题为主(即who, what, when, where, why等),所提问的内容涉及人物、种类、时间、地点、年代、数字、原因、结果、目的等。
根据题干及选项设置的不同,此类题型可分为普通类、关键词类和词义转化类。需要注意的是,很多题有时是其中两种或三种题型的综合。
(1) 普通类细节题
此类题在问题设置上是直接对原文中某一句子中包含的人物、地点、时间、年代、数字、原因、材料、方式等信息进行提问。
(2) 关键词类细节题
此类题大体可分为以下两种情况:
① 在短文中会听到多次出现的一个或几个词语(一般是全篇文章讨论的中心话题),而且在设置问题时也是围绕这几个关键词提问,因此听音时需要以此为线索找出答案。
② 听短文时要按题干中的关键词直接定位短文中相关的信息句,回答有关的细节问题。
(3) 词义转化类细节题
此类题在选项设置时将原文中部分词语或词组转化成另一种说法。
常见提问方式如下:
Which of the following is TRUE?
When was the first…probably made?
Why did the speaker say…?
主旨大意题
主旨大意题一般要求考生根据录音信息归纳出短文的主题或中心思想等。主旨即短文的中心思想,它通常是以主题句的形式出现在短文中。准确把握主题句是解答主旨题的关键。
由于短文听力的篇幅较长,提供的信息较多,因此在听短文之前先看选项有助于加深对短文主题的理解,同时也可以帮助考生预测题目。
常见提问方式如下:
What is this passage mainly talking about?
What is the main idea/the topic of the passage?
Which of the following/What is the best title of the passage?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea?
What does the speaker talk about?
综合推断题
综合推断题是短文听力试题中最难的一种试题类型,因为选项内容所表达的不是文章的字面意思,而是其内在含义,既有可能针对全文,也有可能针对细节;而且此类题目在试题中所占的比例很大,平时练习时应多加注意。
该类题目要求考生依据短文提供的已知信息做出合理的推测和正确的判断。其中,有的干扰选项迷惑性强,似是而非,这就要求考生根据说话人的态度、用词以及上下文语境,按照常识和正确的逻辑推理来判断文章中隐含的内容。
常见提问方式如下:
What conclusion can you get from the passage?
What does the passage mainly suggest?
What does the passage imply?
What can we learn from the passage?
What can/cannot be inferred from the passage?
Which of the following is implied/NOT implied in the passage?
观点态度题
观点态度题实际上属于综合判断题,通常此类问题的答案无法从文中直接得出,需要考生综合所听到的内容,并结合一定的逻辑推理来推测其观点或态度。
常见提问方式如下:
What is the speaker’s attitude towards/to…?
What does the speaker think of…?
What is the speaker’s opinion about/impression of…?
What is the tone of the passage?
6大设题点
篇首处常考
篇首出题已经强调多次了,这种出题方式比较容易掌握,通常是开篇点到文章讨论的话题时即出现第一个问题。这类试题往往可以由关键词判断答案。
篇尾处常考
篇尾出题相对比较难,因为又要听录音,又要看选项,同时还要做出预测和选择,好像没余下什么时间用来判断文章何时结束。但是,篇尾出题还是有规律可循的。篇尾题常为细节题或者推论题,特别要注意做出某种结论的地方。
表示并列、转折、因果关系以及强调处常考
若文中出现下列词语,则要注意: 如not only…but also, because, so, since, but, however, the only 等。
例1: What shouldn’t be too surprising according to the speaker?
A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods. C) Customers competing for good bargains.
B) Sales assistants following customers around. D) Customers losing all sense of time.
原文: Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they’ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn’t be too surprising. Any really profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden.
答案: D)。短文提到了一次调查,接受调查的顾客中,很多已经在超市里待了45分钟的人感觉自己仅待了半个小时,因此,调查发现顾客在超市时没有了时间感,而这一现象并不奇怪,故答案为D)。
表示类比和举例处常考
若文中出现以下词语,一定要多加注意: 如for example, for instance, firstly, secondly, thirdly, the first, the second, first, next等。
例2: What does the speaker say about Trent Maguire, a thirteen-year-old boy?
A) He always boasts about his rich father. C) He has too much to know the value of things.
B) He will grow up to be good for nothing. D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.
原文: When every dream can come true, kids don’t learn the value of anything because they have everything. A thirteen-year-old boy, Trent Maguire, has a driver, credit cards and unlimited cash to do what he wants when he wants to. “One day, I’ll earn more than my dad!” he boasts.
答案: C)。短文提到,当每个梦想都实现时,孩子们不会知道任何事物的价值,因为他们已经拥有了一切。13岁的特伦·马奎尔有司机、信用卡以及无限量的现金,他可以想干什么就干什么。由此可知,他拥有太多,所以不知道事物的价值,故答案为C)。
年份、年龄、价钱、时间等数字处常考
例3: What is the speaker complaining about?
A) The lack of time. C) The frustrations at work.
B) The quality of life. D) The pressure on working families.
原文: This is hardly a lonesome complaint, according to the families and work institutes, national study of the changing work force, 55% of the employees say they don’t have enough time for themselves, 63% don’t have enough time for their spouses or partners, and 67% don’t have enough time for their children.
答案: A)。短文提到,55%的员工说他们没有足够的时间供自己支配,63%的员工说他们没有足够的时间陪伴自己的配偶或情侣,67%的员工说他们没有足够的时间陪伴自己的孩子。由此可知,在抱怨的是没有时间,故A)为答案。
形容词和副词比较级与最高级处常考
例4: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
原文: Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.
答案: B)。短文提到,团队精神比金钱更能激发员工的工作热情,因为金钱利益必然只会与个别人相关。因此,答案为B)。
5大解题步骤
浏览选项,预测试题题型
在听力测试的过程中,每两个问题之间都会有15秒钟的间隔;在每个部分的开头还有长达1—2分钟的Directions。考生可以充分利用这些时间浏览试卷上的各个选项。一般来说,当你把三到四个问题的十来个选项浏览完之后,就能大概猜测到这篇文章的主要内容,浏览的重点应该放在那些重复出现的词或短语上。另外,浏览各个选项也可以预测可能要问的问题。通过纵向和横向的比较,就能够发现一些解题的重要信息,选项中的否定词、转折词、重复出现的词都可以提示问题的类型。
例5:
A) How being an identical twin influences one’s identity.
B) Why some identical twins keep their identities secret.
C) Why some identical twins were separated from birth.
D) How identical twins are born, raised and educated.
浏览四个选项,均提到identical twin,且分别以how和why开头,可以推测本题考查的内容和双胞胎的身份认同及生活经历相关。
原文: Scientists understand how twins are born. Now though, they are trying to explain how being half a biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don’t live near each other.
Q: What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?
答案: A)。短文中指出,科学家已经弄明白双胞胎是如何形成的,他们现在正在研究的是双胞胎中的一方如何影响另一方,故答案为A)。
做简要记录,记录事实细节
由于短文比较长、信息量比较大,特别是细节问题比较多,例如,数字、时间、人名、地名、出生日期、事件年份、情感以及故事中人物的话语等。如果仅凭脑子来记忆,容易产生混淆,出现张冠李戴的情况。这时就需要边听边做一些简明的笔记,不仅要记录这些数据,而且还要记下与之相关的信息。这样做便于将它们一一归类,在做选择题的时候,就不会出现胡乱猜测的情形。有时,选项中会出现同一范畴内的几个短语,这些短语可能会涉及时间、地点、人物、数据等。这时也需要考生从笔记中确定答案。
抓住文章主题句,快速了解文章主旨
在听短文的过程中,要尽快抓住每篇文章的主题句,因为这些主题句概括了短文的主要内容和中心思想,这样就比较容易听懂短文了,而且有时后面的考题就是对这篇短文中心思想的提问。主题句(topic sentence)一般出现在一段话的开头或者结尾,它们对整篇文章起到了概括或总结的作用,同时这些主题句也是文章的中心论点或者是说话人对所谈内容的观点或态度。主题句后面的句子通常阐述具体的情节,说明或证实主题。
例6: What is the presentation mainly about?
A) Advice on the purchase of cars.
B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.
C) Trends for the development of the motor car.
D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.
原文: Thank you for coming everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today.
答案: C)。文章开头就提到了陈述的内容,即我们如何看待汽车在短中期的发展情况。换句话说,谈论的主题是汽车的发展趋势,故答案为C)。
确定关键词句,把握文章发展脉络
一般来说,一篇短文都是由几个部分组成,而每一部分都是由几个句子组成。如何使它们成为一个有机的整体?常用的一些连接手法能够起到这样的作用,诸如表示并列、转折或因果的连词就是常用的连接手法。
常用的连接词有:and, also, but, though, furthermore, in addition, for example, however, in spite of, because, therefore, first, second, last等。
另外,文章在内容上的转折有时是通过每一部分的中心句而承上启下的,以使文章达到浑然一体的效果,要注意这些句子在处理上下文逻辑关系时的纽带作用。如果在听的过程中能够准确地把握连接词,或者把握每一部分的中心句,就能够对全文有比较完整的理解,进而能够有效地预测短文的发展脉络。
听清问题,选择答案
考生在看过选项和听完短文以后往往会对将要问的问题有所预感,但如果仅凭预感而忽视了提问的问题,很可能会出现答非所问的情况。所以,考生一定要听清楚问题是什么,同时和你的预感进行对比,如果完全一致,那恭喜你,你答对的概率已经非常高了!但如果不一致,一定要针对问题去判断,而不要仅凭主观感觉,这是解题的关键。
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