雅思口语语法你确定不了解一下?
在雅思口语的备考复习中,如果能够熟练掌握语法,那么你就赢了一半。
然而,很多考鸭非常不注重雅思口语中语法的训练。
在雅思口语考试中,熟练运用语法的考生更容易获得雅思口语考官的好感哦。
一、雅思口语语法:主谓一致
语法一致。
比如:主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数。当然这只在现在时态,即一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时中体现。这个要求看起来很简单,但在实际运用中,基本上所有的同学都会被我反复地提醒使用第三人称单数。
就近原则。
由or;either...or;neither...nor;not only…but also等词连接的名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于与动词最近的名词的单复数。Neither you nor your friend is to blame.
意义一致。
这个主要是涉及到集体名词,比如audience;army;family;jury;stuff;crew;couple等,如果这类词意义上指整体的概念谓语就用单数,如果意义指具体成员则谓语动词就用复数。如:The population in this area is increasing very slowly。/One third of the population in this area are workers.
就远原则。
由as well as;rather than; with;together with; in addition; combined with这几个词连接的名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于这几个词前面的名词是单数还是复数。如:The teacher rather than the students opens the door./The students rather than the teacher open the door.
还有需要注意的是:a series/line/group/list+of+名词复数,谓语动词用单数;分数、百分数、part/rest/half+名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词本身的单复数。;both of+名词复数,谓语用复数;each/neither/either/everything/anything作主语,谓语用单数。
主谓一致是相对简单的语法,只要大家在平时的练习中多加注意,在考试中就能减少无谓的“牺牲”。
二、雅思口语语法:使用误区
1.such as与for example的混用。
我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。但是考生对于Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics。
2.assume 及claim 使用不够准确。
我们知道, think,assume,claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision.翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:We are considering buying a new car。所以,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。
3.介词使用错误。
1).普通介词的误用。
一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。
2).“to”作为介词的误用。“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me, to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:
More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以句中depend on 应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:
He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。
3)..compare与contrast的误用。我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。看个例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。
前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。
再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West。
The company lost million in contrast to a profit of .2 million a year earlier。
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast。
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