初学者如何练习口语
良好的功底再加上一口流利的口语，那可谓是如虎添翼。尤其是在职场中，想要找一份好工作讲好口语必不可少!接下来，小编给大家准备了初学者如何练习口语,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
初学者如何练习口语
第一步：掌握音标
音标是英语学习中最基本的要素，学好音标可以帮助你正确发音。很多初学者都不重视这个环节，以至于学了多年英语仍要回过头来重新学习音标，怎知一些发音习惯已经根深蒂固了，纠正起来可要下一番功夫。不管你处于哪个学习阶段，要记住，音标不可丢!那么，音标如何学习?开始张口练习是关键!
首先，反复练习朗读音标，感受每个音标的发音特点和区别，尤其是元音;单个音标可以准确读出之后，接下来就是读单词，练习辅音元音结合后的发音;最后就是句子的练习了，找一些简单的日常对话来朗读。建议大家将自己的朗读录下来，回过头去听，找出读得不好的地方加强练习。音标——单词——句子，这是个循序渐进的过程，也是发音练习最基本的步骤。
第二步：夯实基础
虽说英语口语中并不过分拘泥语法，但口语句子的组织并不是杂乱无章的，词也不能过于随心所欲，所以打好英语基础还是很必要的。良好的功底可以帮助你更正确地组织语句，丰富的词汇量可以使你的表达更灵活，口语常识和句子的累积可以让你说出更地道的英语。所以很多初学者在学完音标之后，都会选择学习一些教材打基础。新概念第一册就是不错的选择，它涵盖了比较基础的句式和日常对话，在学习知识的过程中可以积累常用的口语句子，夯实基础和学习口语两不误!
第三步：养成英语思维习惯
相信大家对“中式英语”不陌生，很多人在说英语的时候直接按照脑子里的汉语意思逐字翻译出来，这就是由于缺乏英语思维习惯造成的。那么如何避免“中式英语”呢?可以试试用英文写日记的方法，每天写几个句子，句式不一定要很复杂，能用符合英语的习惯表达出来就好。此外还要开口说，或许一开始你说出的甚至不是一个完整句子，但是不要放弃，坚持练习。
第四步：锻炼听力培养语感
在英语口语中，“听”是很重要的一部分。只有听懂对方说什么，才能给出正确回应。那么应该怎么听?初学阶段不用听太复杂、太难的材料，平常可以多听听英文歌，对照歌词唱一唱。此外还可以看英文电影和美剧，有资源的话尽量看双语字幕的，边看边学习，看看生活中一些话是怎么用英语表达的。电影、美剧和英文歌曲里有很多口语和俚语，可以帮助我们积累一些句子和常识。时间久了你就会慢慢能听懂一些简单的表达了!
最后：找对合适的老师
说了这么多，笔者也清楚在初级阶段自学口语的确有相当的难度。所以如果你对自己的发音没有把握，或是抽不出时间来自己规划、自学，那么选择一个合适的老师、或是合适的课程也很重要。记得选择的互动性较强、着重听说的课程。推荐《剑桥国际英语》，它的级别分得比较细、也比较科学。一级、三级都很适合零基础到初级的口语学习者。
最后，千万不要因为才开始学英语而不敢于开口，要知道，那些口语说得顺顺溜溜的人，都是从最简单的开始，一点点练习过来的哦!告别哑巴英语，需要从一开始就抓起!
扩展：为什么英语这么难学
人们常说英语是最难学的一门语言之一。
It’s often said that English is one of the hardest languages to learn.
Given the fact that many of the words we use in English stem from Latin and Ancient Greek words – in common with many other European languages – what is it about English that has attracted this reputation for being so fearsomely difficult? And is it really even that difficult, when so many other countries adopt it as their second language and speak it a lot more fluently than we Brits speak other languages? We’ll leave you to make your own mind up…
It just makes no sense!
One of the reasons why English is known for being difficult is because it’s full of contradictions. There are innumerable examples of conundrums1 such as:
There is no ham in hamburger.
Neither is there any apple nor pine in pineapple.
If teachers taught, why didn’t preachers praught?
If a vegetarian2 eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian3 eat?
“Overlook” and “oversee” have opposite meanings, while “look” and “see” mean the same thing.
As native speakers, we rarely stop to think how illogical many of the things we say really are – we’re just used to them. Unless you’ve been brought up speaking English, how can you possibly begin to learn all these oddities? It’s little wonder that people trying to learn English end up feeling confused. But it gets worse.
Exceptions to rules
One of the hardest things about English is that although there are rules, there are lots of exceptions to those rules – so just when you think you’ve got to grips with a rule, something comes along to shatter what you thought you knew by contradicting it. A good example is the rule for remembering whether a word is spelt “ie” or “ei”: “I before E except after C”. Thus “believe” and “receipt”. But this is English – it’s not as simple as that. What about “science”? Or “weird”? Or “seize”? There are loads of irregular verbs, too, such as “fought”, which is the past tense of “fight”, while the past tense of “light” is “lit”. So learning English isn’t just a question of learning the rules – it’s about learning the many exceptions to the rules. The numerous exceptions make it difficult to apply existing knowledge and use the same principle with a new word, so it’s harder to make quick progress.
The order of the words
Native English-speakers intuitively know what order to put words in, but this is hard to teach to those learning the language. The difference between the right and wrong order is so subtle that it’s hard to explain beyond simply saying that it “just sounds right”. For example, we often use more than one adjective to describe a noun, but which order should they go in? We would say “an interesting little book” not “a little interesting book”. Both are technically4 grammatically correct, but the first “just sounds right”. It’s a bit of a nightmare for those who are trying to learn, and it may prove one nuance5 too much. (In fact, there is some method to this particular English madness – but it’s quite involved, and beyond the scope of this article to explain it.)
Pronunciation
As if the spelling wasn’t hard enough, English pronunciation is the cause of much confusion among those trying to learn English. Some words are very low on vowels6, such as the word “strengths”, which is hard to say when you’re not accustomed to English pronunciation. What’s more, words that end in the same combination of letters aren’t necessarily pronounced in the same way. Why is “trough” pronounced “troff”, “rough” pronounced “ruff”, “bough” pronounced “bow” (to rhyme with cow) and “through” pronounced “throo”? There are silent letters at the start of words, too. Why are there so many words that begin with a silent “K”, such as “knife”? Or even a silent “G”, such as “gnome”? If it’s not pronounced, what’s the point of including that letter in the first place, if it only adds to the confusion of both native speakers and learners? And don’t get us started on the number of hapless tourists who don’t know where to begin with pronouncing a town name such as “Worcester”. Sadly, many English learners have to learn the hard way when it comes to our confusing pronunciation; if you pronounce something incorrectly, most Brits will demonstrate the correct way to you – but not without a little chuckle7 at your expense.
Emphasis
To make matters even more complex, the way in which you emphasise8 certain words in a sentence can subtly change its meaning. For example, consider the different ways of emphasising the sentence below:
– I sent him a letter – a plain statement.
– I sent him a letter – used to imply that you sent him the letter – someone else didn’t send it (or “you didn’t send it, I did”).
– I sent him a letter – this could imply “I sent him a letter, but I’m not sure he received it”.
– I sent him a letter – used to imply that you sent him the letter – you didn’t send it to someone else (perhaps even “you weren’t meant to read it”).
– I sent him a letter – you sent him a letter, not anything else.
When you’re not used to speaking English, these may all sound the same to you. It’s only by constantly being exposed to English that you start to pick up on these subtleties9.
Homophones
Confused yet? If not, you will be after this next point. English is absolutely full of homophones – words that sound the same but have different meanings or spellings.
A bandage is wound around a wound (“wound”, pronounced “wowned” is the past tense of “wind”, as well as an injury when pronounced “woond”).
The door was too close to the table to close (the first “close” is pronounced with a soft “S” and means “near”, while the second is pronounced with a hard “S” and means “shut”).
I decided10 to desert my dessert in the desert (the first “desert” means “abandon” and has the emphasis placed on the second syllable11; “dessert” is pronounced the same but means a pudding; and the second “desert” means the dry, sandy environment with camels, and is pronounced with the emphasis on the first syllable).
Homophones exist in the English language that has no fewer than seven different meanings – namely words that sound like ‘course’ and ‘raise’. Most have only two or three meanings – such as “there”, “their” and “they’re” – but that’s still enough to add an extra level or two of complexity12 for those trying to master the English language.
Synonyms13 aren’t necessarily interchangeable Flick14 through a thesaurus and you’ll see countless15 groups of words that supposedly mean the same thing. You’d think that this would mean that they were interchangeable – but you’d be wrong. Even words whose definitions are seemingly in the same ballpark differ subtly – or apply to something completely different, because English words can have multiple meanings. You can’t always swap16 words with the same meaning, and this means that it’s easy to end up using a word in completely the wrong way. For example, you “watch” television, and you can either “watch a film” or “see a film” – but you don’t “see television”. But you’re not a “watcher” when you’re doing this – you’re a “viewer”, even though you don’t “view television” or “view a movie”. To take another example, I could talk about a swan’s elegant neck, but I couldn’t swap the word “elegant” for the word “classic” or “chic” (both suggestions I found in the thesaurus when I looked up “elegant”) because these are words that apply to fashion, not birds! If you were learning English, though, you wouldn’t necessarily know that.
Idioms
English is a very old language, and over the course of many centuries, interesting sayings have been incorporated into everyday language that make little sense if you haven’t grown up with them. “Barking up the wrong tree”, “the straw that broke the camel’s back” and “raining cats and dogs” are all examples of idioms that add colour to the English language. If you find yourself starting to use idioms when you speak English, well done: you’ve mastered it!
Traces of archaic17 English
Though English does ‘move with the times’, there are still plenty of archaic words floating around that you may well encounter (and they may not be in your English dictionary). “Alas” (an expression of grief or pity) is one of the more common ones, but language of the sort traditionally used in the Bible is also still commonly understood, such as “Thou shalt not kill” in the Ten Commandments. This means “You will not kill” in modern lingo18, but the Ten Commandments usually retain this old language. Old-fashioned words such as “apothecary” (someone who prepares medicine) and “shilling” (an old form of English currency) will crop up in historical dramas that you watch on television. You’ll also see old literary and poetic19 references cropping up in popular culture, such as Shakespeare’s “To be or not to be” or Burns’ “My love is like a red, red rose”.
Regional dialects
We’d imagine that all languages have regional dialects, but when you add the bizarre pronunciations and unique additional vocabularies of the UK’s many regional dialects, they don’t exactly help the poor folk trying to learn English. It’s bad enough for us southerners to understand people from Glasgow, or even for people from Edinburgh to understand people from Glasgow. There’s a broad north/south divide in the pronunciation of certain words, a good example being “bath”, which is pronounced with a short “A” by those “up north” and a long “A” (“barth”) by those “down south”. Of course, every English-speaking country also has its own way of speaking the language; the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa all have their own distinctive20 way of pronouncing words. Which you end up using when your native language isn’t English probably depends on whereabouts your English teacher is from, or whereabouts in the country you’re learning.
Is it really the hardest language?
As we’ve seen, then, English is pretty challenging. But it’s not the only contender for the World’s Most Difficult Language. Other notoriously tricky21 languages include Finnish, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin22. Mandarin’s tone system, for instance, is famously tricky (but when you look at the ‘Emphasis’ section above, you’ll see that English can be just as bad!). Finnish is held to be difficult because of its numerous cases; Arabic because, among other things, its script has four different variations for each letter depending on where in the word it sits. Written Japanese differs from spoken Japanese, and there are three different writing systems – including 2,000 to 3,000 kanji characters that must be learned by heart. It makes English sound easy in comparison!
Ultimately, though, it’s down to the individual whether or not a particular language is difficult to learn. Some people have a natural aptitude23 for languages and pick them up quickly; children, of course, absorb new languages much more easily than adults. The difficulty of a language also depends on its similarity to your own language. You’ll probably find it easier to pick up French if you’re Italian, because these languages use many of the same roots, and the same alphabet. If you’re used to the Roman alphabet then you may struggle to learn oriental languages that rely on symbols, such as Japanese. English isn’t so bad once you get used to it, and it’s probably only commonly talked about as being hard because so many people are trying to learn it.
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