雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已
精读是一种称为传奇一般的经典雅思阅读能力的训练方法。说得更直白点，就是针对剑桥雅思的阅读文章的精读，弄懂每一篇的重点词汇，表达，各种句型，并努力模仿造句或者翻译一些长难句。雅思高分前辈也把雅思的精读和精听并列为屠鸭最宝贵的经验和方法，但是往往有人会在尝试几次后便感叹：没有用哇!其实真的是这样的么?下面讲一讲怎样才是正确的精读方法。
雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已!
怎么读才是精读?
精读意味着仔细读，认真读，读到骨头里，不要只查查词，看看句子意思。如果是这样, 这还没达到精读的深度。
举个例子 513
For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.
精读的步骤
第一步 从词汇(单词, 短语)入手：把句子里的单词(主要是动词，形容词，副词)这三类词达到认知程度, 拓展同义词,派生词等，因为根据雅思阅读考点的出现频率看，这三类词最容易被替换。如果时间允许，再看看名词里的抽象名词，物质名词采取猜词技巧可以解决。 例如以上的句子：
动词：
run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );
grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);
leave(拓展不仅表示“留下来，离开的意思，还可以表示使处于某种状态, 例如721);
eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);
extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);
pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);
形容词和副词：worse; main; natural; less; vast;
名词：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;
第二步 从语法结构入手：分清句子的主谓宾或主系表;如果是复合句或长难句，拆分成简单句;例如: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …..; that ……..; that…….., and that ……….. 此句后面的冒号是解释说明,后面有四个小分句;
第三步 从段落结构入手: 分析段落内的连贯和衔接关系,并分析段落中的句子是如何衔接的. 例如: 以上的段落是总分结构 总: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 分: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …; that …..; that .,…., and that …..
第四步 试着用不同的单词，不同的语法结构进行改写(paraphrase)，这个步骤称为“二度创作” 。刚开始训练时比较痛苦，因为在脑海中要搜寻学过的东西加以整理，这本身就是一个需要思考的过程。等训练多了形成自己的思维体系及语言表达能力后，输出改写就会得心应手了。例如上一段的改写
A number of environmentalists hold a pessimistic view of the earth. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are exhausted; that the number of people is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that a vast number of species are dying out, and that air and water are polluted more seriously.
(2)RE精读策略
re是前缀, 意思是重复. RE精读策略意味着反复精读. 根据人类大脑记忆规律, 刚刚记完的知识记住了100%, 过了20分之后剩下58.2%................我们要进行二次精读, 三次精读…….. 直到读透为止. 古人云: “温故而知新”, 读第一遍和读第二遍对文章的理解是不同的, 读第一遍时,有的学生可能只记得个别单词,短语等; 读第二遍可能对句子之间的关系, 段落结构, 篇章结构就有了更深层次的理解.
(3)“瞻前顾后”的学习方法
我们尽量利用”瞻前顾后”的方法把当前学到的单词,短语等与之前精读文章里的单词短语等联系起来, 达到融会贯通, 触类旁通. 学习是输入和输出并行的过程, 输入就是学习者由外到内获取语言知识，精读就是很好的输入方式;输出就是学习者将所学的知识由内而外的再现过程。精读这个过程是输入, 输入后要消化, 吸收, 然后输出，这样才是个完整的学习过程. 如果只有输入, 没有输出, 会影响学习效果.
雅思阅读材料大集合：阿里巴巴宣布启动在美IPO
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, China's largest e-commerce vendor, has officially confirmed it will hold an initial public offering in the United States, the company has announced.
The decision will "make [Alibaba] a more global company and enhance the company’s transparency, as well as allow the company to continue to pursue our long-term vision and ideals," according to a company statement sent on Sunday to China Daily.
It did not specify which bourse it will choose to float its shares, or give a detailed timetable.
Alibaba said that, should circumstances permit in the future, it will work towards toward extending its public status in China’s capital market in order to share its growth with the Chinese people.
The company also expressed gratitude towards those in Hong Kong who have supported Alibaba Group, including the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which shut the door on a potential listing last September.
"We respect the viewpoints and policies of Hong Kong and will continue to pay close attention to and support the process of innovation and development of Hong Kong," the statement added.
Hong Kong regulators rejected Alibaba's IPO because of the firm's special request to keep a shareholder structure which would have allowed a group of top managers and founders to nominate and control the company's board of directors.
The unique requirement went against the exchange's one-share-one-vote principle.
The statement puts an end to rampant rumors about Alibaba’s choice of listing venue.
For example, the firm's recent purchase of a stake in a Hong Kong-listed company prompted speculation that Alibaba might use the deal to go public.
Analysts polled by Reuters have put Alibaba's market value at around 0 billion and the value of the IPO at billion. If successful, it will go public in the world's biggest listing since Facebook Inc's debut in 2012.
The announcement came just two days after micro-blogging service Sina Weibo filed to raise 0 million via a US IPO. Alibaba holds 18 percent of Sina Weibo's shares.
阿里巴巴集团16日宣布，启动在美国的上市事宜。
阿里巴巴集团表示，启动在美IPO为使公司更加透明、国际化，进一步实现阿里巴巴的长期愿景和理想。
作为中国的电子商务集团，自旗下子公司于2012年私有化以来，阿里巴巴集团谋求整体IPO的举动一直备受关注。
此前有机构预计，阿里巴巴上市有可能成为美国近年来规模的IPO，估值在千亿美元左右。
去年10月，阿里巴巴集团曾公开回应关于其IPO的热议，集团CEO陆兆禧当时宣布，阿里巴巴决定不选择在香港上市。
以下为阿里巴巴公告全文：
阿里巴巴今天决定启动在美国的上市事宜，以使公司更加透明、国际化，进一步实现阿里巴巴的长期愿景和理想。未来条件允许，我们将积极参与回归国内资本市场，与国内投资者共同分享公司的成长。
感谢香港各界人士对阿里巴巴的关心和支持。我们尊重香港现时的相关政策和出发点，并将会一如既往地关注、参与并支持香港的创新和发展。
阿里巴巴集团
2014年3月16日
雅思阅读材料大集合：生活艰难时需要做的13件事
We’ve all gone through hard times. And we all get through them. However, some get through them better than others. So what is their secret? Most of it has to do with attitude. Here are 13 things to remember when life gets rough:
我们都有过灰暗的日子，也都熬过来了。然而有些的人心态会比其他人要好，他们的秘诀是什么?其实主要就是取决于你的态度罢了。看看生活艰难时可以做的13件事吧。
1. What is, is
坦然接受现实
Buddha’s famous saying tells us: “It is your resistance to ‘what is’ that causes your suffering.” Think about that for a minute. It means that our suffering only occurs when we resist how things are. If you can change something, then take action! Change it! But if you can’t change it, then you have two choices: (1) either accept it and let go of the negativity, or (2) make yourself miserable by obsessing over it.
佛教有句经典的话：“你的痛苦都源于对现实的抗拒。”好好想想这句话。这意味着只有当你不接受现实时才会产生痛苦。如果你能改变什么，那就开始行动吧，改变它!但如果无法改变，你就有两个选择，(1)要不去接受要不就忽视消极的部分，或者(2)不断的折磨自己让自己更加痛苦
2. It’s only a problem if you think it’s a problem
只有你觉得这是个问题的时候才会是个问题
Many times, we are our own worst enemy. Happiness is really dependent on perspective. If you think something is a problem, then your thoughts and emotions will be negative. But if you think it’s something you can learn from, then suddenly, it’s not a problem anymore.
很多时候，我们是自己的敌人。幸福取决于你的观察角度。如果你觉得一件事是个问题，那么你的想法和情绪都会变得消极。但如果你觉得这是学习的好机会，看看，突然就不是啥问题了。
3. If you want things to change, you need to start with changing yourself
如果你想改变什么，那就从改变自己开始吧
Your outer world is a reflection of your inner world. Don’t you know people whose lives are chaotic and stressful? And isn’t that largely because they feel chaotic inside? Yes, it is. We like to think that changing our circumstances will change us. But we have it backwards—we need to change ourselves first before our circumstances will change.
你的外在是内在的一个反应。你难道不觉得那些外表看起来乱糟糟亚历山大的人们其实内心也是一团乱麻么?的确是这样。我们总是觉得改变环境就能改变自己。其实我们弄反了-我们需要先改变自己才能随之改变环境。
4. There is no such thing as failure—only learning opportunities
没什么失败-这只是一个学习的机会而已
You should just wipe the word “failure” right out of your vocabulary. All great people who have ever achieved anything have “failed” over and over. In fact, I think it was Thomas Edison who said something like, “I did not fail at inventing the light bulb, I just first found 99 ways that it didn’t work.” Take your so-called “failures” and learn something from them. Learn how to do it better next time.
把“失败"这个词从你的字典里抹去吧。很多成就大事业的人都曾不止一次的失败过。实际上，我非常赞同爱迪生说的那句话”我从来没有在发明灯泡的过程中失败过，我只是找到了99种不可行的办法而已。“把你那些所谓的”失败“当成学习的机会吧。学着下次怎么做的更好。
5. If you don’t get something you want, it just means something better is coming
如果没有得到想要的，只说明你值得拥有更好的
That’s hard to believe sometimes, I know. But it’s true. Usually, when you look back at your life, you will be able to see why it was actually a good thing that something didn’t work out. Maybe the job you didn’t get would have made you spend more time away from your family, but the job you did get was more flexible. Just have faith that everything happens exactly the way it’s supposed to.
有时候的确很难去相信，但这是真的。通常，当你回过头看一看，就会发现正是一些事没有成功才会有后面的好事发生。也许那个没有拿到手的工作会让你无比繁忙没法陪家人，而获得的职位上班时间更加自由。只要相信，每件事都会有暗藏的方向。
6. Appreciate the present moment
珍惜当下
This moment will never come again. And there is always something precious about every moment. So don’t let it pass you by! Soon it will just be a memory. Even moments that don’t seem happy can be looked upon as something that you might miss someday. As the country song by Trace Adkins says, “You’re gonna miss this…you’re gonna want this back. You’re gonna wish these days hadn’t gone by so fast….you may not know this now, but you’re gonna miss this…”
正当时一去不复返。每个时刻都有宝贵的东西。所以不要让时间匆匆溜走!很快现在也会成为你回忆的一部分。每个你不快乐的时光在日后都会成为你去想念回忆的部分。就想Trace Adkin在乡村歌曲里唱的那般：”你会去怀念，会想重头再来。你会希望这些日子没有飞速流逝，也许现在你不知道，但你真的会去想念“
7. Let go of desire
减少欲望
Most people live with “attached mind.” What this means is that they attach themselves to a desire, and when they don’t get it, their emotions plummet into negativity. Instead, try to practice “detached mind.” That means that when you want something, you will still be happy whether you get it or not. Your emotions remain happy or neutral.
很多人在”欲望中“生存。也就是他们会把自己和欲望紧紧联系在一起，当没有得到满足，他们的就会产生消极的情绪。与其这样，不如试着给自己的思想减负吧。意思就是你想要什么的时候，无论得到没得到都会一样的开心。你的情绪不会受到太大的干扰。
8. Understand and be grateful for your fears
理解感激你的恐惧
Fear can be a great teacher. And overcoming fears can also make you feel victorious. For example, when I was in college, I feared public speaking (one of the top 3 fears of all humans). So I find it humorous now that not only do I speak in front of a group every day by being a college professor, I also teach public speaking! Overcoming fears just takes practice. Fear is really just an illusion. It’s optional.
恐惧可以是你的好老师。战胜恐惧也能让你更加强大。比如，我读大学的时候，我害怕公开演讲(这大概是排名前三会让人类恐惧的事情)。然而现在我不仅会作为一个大学教授每天在一群人面前说话，还会教公开演讲的课程，这真是非常有意思的事情。战胜恐惧需要联系。恐惧只是幻觉，就看你的选择了。
9. Allow yourself to experience joy
允许自己享乐
Believe it or not, I know way too many people who don’t allow themselves to have fun. And they don’t even know how to be happy. Some people are actually addicted to their problems and the chaos in them so much that they wouldn’t even know who they are without them. So try to allow yourself to be happy! Even if it’s just for a small moment, it’s important to focus on joy, not your hardships.
信不信，我知道很多人都不允许自己玩乐。他们甚至不知道如何开心。有些人深陷自身麻烦和烦扰无法自拔甚至不愿意试图去摆脱。所以要让自己开心起来!哪怕是很短的时间，好好的乐一乐非常重要，不要总是执迷于痛苦。
10. Don’t compare yourself to other people
不要跟别人比
But if you do compare yourself, compare yourself with people who have it worse than you. Unemployed? Be grateful that you live in a country that gives unemployment compensation, because most people in the world live on less that 0 a year. So you don’t look like Angelina Jolie? Well, I bet there are more people who don’t than do. And you are probably way better looking than most people. Focus on that.
如果真的要去比，那就把自己和比你差的人拿来比较吧。失业?感激你的国家还有失业保障制度吧，世界上大部分人年薪不到750美金。自己没有安吉丽娜朱莉那么漂亮?好吧，我觉得基本上大家都满足不了这点。而且你比大部分人好看。多想想这些吧。
11. You are not a victim
你不是受害者
You need to get out of your own way. You are only a “victim” of your own thoughts, words and actions. No one “does” something to you. You are the creator of your own experience. Take personal responsibility and realize that you can get out of your hard times. You just need to start with changing your thoughts and actions. Abandon your victim mentality and become victorious. From victim to VICTOR!
你需要从自己的框架中走出来。你只是自己想法、语言和行为的受害者。其他人不能对你做任何事。你是自己生活的导演。对自己负责，相信自己有能力走出困境。你只需要改变自己的想法和行动。把那种受害者心理赶走，积极点吧，从受害者转为成功者!
12. Things can—and do—change
事情可以——可以——改变
“And this too shall pass” is one of my favorite sayings. When we are stuck in a bad situation, we think that there is no way out. We think nothing will ever change. But guess what? It will! Nothing is permanent except death. So get out of the habit of thinking that things will always be this way. They won’t. But you do need to take some sort of action for things to change. It won’t magically happen all on its own.
“一切都会过去的”是我最喜欢的一句话。当我们身处困境，感觉毫无出路。我们觉得一切不会好转了。但猜猜会怎样?会好起来的!除去死亡没有什么是永恒的。所以不要再去固执的认为事情会一成不变了。都会变的。你需要行动起来做出改变。事情不会自己神奇的去发生转变的。“
13. Anything is possible
一切皆有可能
Miracles happen every day. Really—they do. I wish I had enough space to write about all the miraculous things that have happened to people I know—from healing stage 4 cancer naturally to having their soul mate appear out of nowhere. Trust me: it happens all the time. You just need to believe it does. Once you do, you have won the battle.
每天都有奇迹。真的是这样。我真希望有足够的空间写下那些发生过的奇迹-从四期癌症中自然治愈到突然遇到另一半。相信我：奇迹一直都在发生。你只需要去相信。一旦你信了，就赢了。
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