不定代词在英语中的用法归纳
相信在英语的学习中，对各种语法的用法熟悉透是一个很大的难点，今天学习啦小编在这里为大家介绍不定代词在英语中的用法归纳，欢迎大家阅读!
不定代词的种类
不定代词指的是all, each, every, both, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,以及由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词。
不定代词在英语中的用法归纳：little 和few 都可以作代词和限定词
little 用来指不可数的事物或修饰不可数的事物;而few 则用来指可数的事物(人)或修饰可数的事物(人)。
Many people read Marco Polo's book, but few believe what he said. 很多人读过马可波罗的书,但很少有人相信他所说的话。
Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. (孩子们)围在一起听父亲或母亲读美丽的故事很少有别的娱乐活动比这更能使家人们的心灵接近了。
little 和 few 表示说话人否定的意思,而a little 和a few 表示说话人肯定的意思,前者常常翻译为“很少、几乎没有”,后者翻译为“一些”。但不能得出结论说a little 或a few 就比little 或few 多。两者不存在孰多孰少的比较,只是表示说话人的语气不同。例如某人口袋里有10元钱,可以是 little, 也可以是a little。例:
It's impossible for me to buy a TV set now. I have little money left. 我现在不可能买一台电视机,我几乎没有钱了。
We can have a cup of tea with a little money in my pocket. 我们可以用口袋里仅有的一点钱喝杯茶。又例:
There is a little water left. You can drink it. 还有一点水,你可以把它喝了。
There is little water left. Would you please fetch some? 几乎没有水了,去打些水来好吗?
A little 和a few都有“more than none (胜于无)”或 “more than expected (比期望的要多)”之意。
“Have we run out of eggs?” “No, there are a few left. ” “我们的鸡蛋吃完了吗?” “没吃完,还有一些。”
“Is there any oil in the bottle?” “Yes, there's a little in it. ” “瓶子里还有油吗?” “ 还有一些。”
至于a few, a little 所表示的绝对数量,其大小取决于说话人的观点。Longman English Grammar (外语教学与研究出版社, P.187) 中举了一个例子,从这个例子我们可以看到:a few, a little 实际上也可以表示很大的绝对数量。
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不定代词在英语中的用法归纳
A.J. Thomson和A. V. Martinet 指出:“There is no difference in quantity between little and very little, few and very few. But the speaker who adds very wants to be more emphatic. ” (A Practical English Grammar Third Edition, P.29) 也就是说, little 和very little, few 和very few 所表示的数量没有区别,用very 时表示说话者更强调而已。
至于quite a few, some few, a good few, 在语气上是肯定的,即言其多的。例:
“How many postcards have you received?” “ Quite a few. ” “你收到多少明信片?” “相当多。”
不定代词在英语中的用法归纳：作限定词，直接用在名词的前面
some students 一些学生
many books 许多书
each boy 每个男孩
大部分不定代词还可以用于“of + 名词”结构,注意这一结构中的名词必须有限定词修饰。例:
some of the students (不能说:* some of students)
many of the books (不能说:*many of books)
each of the boys (不能说 *each of boys)
