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linux中的ping命令的详细解释

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  一、linux中的ping命令的详细解释

  1.命令格式:

  ping [参数] [主机名或IP地址]

  2.命令功能:

  ping命令用于:确定网络和各外部主机的状态;跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题;测 试、评估和管理网络。如果主机正在运行并连在网上,它就对回送信号进行响应。每个回送信号请求包含一个网际协议(IP)和 ICMP 头,后面紧跟一 个 tim 结构,以及来填写这个信息包的足够的字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求直到接收到中断信号(Ctrl-C)。

  ping 命 令每秒发送一个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印一行输出。ping 命令计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息,并且在完成之后显示一个简要 总结。ping 命令在程序超时或当接收到 SIGINT 信号时结束。Host 参数或者是一个有效的主机名或者是因特网地址。

  3.命令参数:

  -d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

  -f 极限检测。大量且快速地送网络封包给一台机器,看它的回应。

  -n 只输出数值。

  -q 不显示任何传送封包的信息,只显示最后的结果。

  -r 忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的网络接口是否有问题。

  -R 记录路由过程。

  -v 详细显示指令的执行过程。

  <p>-c 数目:在发送指定数目的包后停止。

  -i 秒数:设定间隔几秒送一个网络封包给一台机器,预设值是一秒送一次。

  -I 网络界面:使用指定的网络界面送出数据包。

  -l 前置载入:设置在送出要求信息之前,先行发出的数据包。

  -p 范本样式:设置填满数据包的范本样式。

  -s 字节数:指定发送的数据字节数,预设值是56,加上8字节的ICMP头,一共是64ICMP数据字节。

  -t 存活数值:设置存活数值TTL的大小。

  二、Linux中的ping命令的详解实例

  实例1:ping的通的情况

  命令:

  ping 192.168.120.205

  输出:

  Java代码

  [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205

  PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms

  --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---

  5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  说明:

  实例2:ping不通的情况

  命令:

  ping 192.168.120.202

  输出:

  Java代码

  [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202

  PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable

  --- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---

  8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms

  , pipe 4

  [root@localhost ~]#

  说明:

  实例3:ping网关

  命令:

  ping -b 192.168.120.1

  输出:

  Java代码

  [root@localhost ~]# route

  Kernel IP routing table

  Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

  192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

  192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1

  PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms

  --- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---

  5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

  说明:

  实例4:ping指定次数

  命令:

  ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

  输出:

  Java代码

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  说明:

  实例5:时间间隔和次数限制的ping

  命令:

  ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

  输出:

  Java代码

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  三、Linux中的ping命令知识扩展

  怎样使用Ping这命令来测试网络连通呢?

  •连通问题是由许多原因引起的,如本地配置错误、远程主机协议失效等,当然还包括设备等造成的故障。首先我们讲一下使用Ping命令的步骤。

  •使用Ping检查连通性有六个步骤:

  •1.使用ifconfig观察本地网络设置是否正确;

  •2.Ping127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1回送地址Ping回送地址是为了检查本地的TCP/IP协议有没有设置好;

  •3.Ping本机IP地址,这样是为了检查本机的IP地址是否设置有误;

  •4.Ping本网网关或本网IP地址,这样的是为了检查硬件设备是否有问题,也可以检查本机与本地网络连接是否正常;(在非局域网中这一步骤可以忽略)

  •5.Ping本地DNS地址,这样做是为了检查DNS是否能够将IP正确解析。

  •6.Ping远程IP地址,这主要是检查本网或本机与外部的连接是否正常。

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