16种时态的用法口诀_英语的16种时态用法(3)
9. 一般将来时
用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
E) "be to do"的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
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