英语文摘的优美文章
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为什么要确立格林威治标准时间
Why Was Greenwich Standard Time Created?
为什么要确立格林威治标准时间?
Imagine getting on a train at twelve noon and heading out on a four-hour trip to another town.
设想一下：您正乘坐一辆中午12点整出发的火车前往另外一个城市，路途耗费4个小时。
You’d expect to arrive at four o’clock in the afternoon, right? But before the last few decades of the 19th century, there was no guarantee that this would happen, and it usually had little to do with slow trains or drunken conductors.
你肯定期望在下午四点能够准时到达，对吧? 但是，在19世纪末之前，保障准确的抵达时间是基本不可能的，并且这与晚点或醉酒的列车长几乎毫无关系。
Until the end of the 19th century virtually every town across the world kept time according to its own methods, creating problems for industries such as railroads that relied on precise timing to deliver goods.
实际上，直到19世纪末为止， 几乎世界上每个城市都有自己记录时间的方式，这就给需要精确定时发送货物的行业，如铁路运输业等带来无尽的麻烦。
How To Control The Chaos
怎样控制混乱的时间
To bring order to this chaos, a conference was held in Washington, D.C. in 1884. Delegates from around the world designated Greenwich, England as the starting point from which to create international time zones.
为了让混乱的时间变得有序，各国代表于1884年在华盛顿特区召开了一次会议。代表们指定英国格林威治作为创建国际时区的起点。
But why was this small, London suburb chosen to create what became known as Greenwich Standard Time?
为什么这个伦敦郊区小镇会被选定并创建格林威治标准时间呢?
GST?
格林威治标准时间?
Over 100 years before the Washington conference, King George II of England designated Greenwich as zero degrees longitude in order to help stabilize the shipping trade. If you look at a globe of the earth you’ll see that the vertical line marked ‘zero’ that runs from the North to the South Pole- zero degrees longitude–runs directly through Greenwich.
在华盛顿会议100多年以前，英国国王乔治二世为了稳定航运业，曾将格林威治标为0度经线所在地。如果你看一下地球仪，你可以看到联通南北极的零度经线正好穿过格林威治。
By the time of the Washington conference many shippers already used the longitude system to keep time when traveling by sea. It was only natural for most countries to adopt this system as the basis for creating standard time for the entire planet.
在华盛顿会议召开之时，需要船公司在海运过程中已经使用经度系统来掌控时间。大多数国家自然就容易接受使用这一系统作为确认全球标准时间的基础。
Based on longitude increments of fifteen degrees, time becomes one hour earlier each longitude west of Greenwich, and one hour later each longitude east of Greenwich. In other words, when it’s twelve noon at zero degrees longitude, it’s one o’clock at fifteen longitude east.
以每增加经度15度为基准，格林威治每往西一个时区时间便减少一个小时，而每往东一个时区则增加一个小时。换句话说，当零度经线处是中午十二点时，东经15度处便是下午1点。
为何被纸划伤如此疼痛?
Paper Cuts, Why So Painful?
为何被纸划伤如此疼痛?
Few minor injuries are as painful as the dreaded paper cut. Just thinking about it probably makes you cringe. However, these cuts are usually small, hardly noticeable, and rarely bleed. So what makes them so painful?
很少有一些小伤能够像被纸划伤那样让人疼痛和害怕。光是想一想可能就让你不寒而栗了。然而，这种划伤通常伤口很小、很难被察觉到并且不怎么会流血。那为什么被纸划伤会这么疼呢?
A paper cut is similar to a cut with a razor blade, with one major difference. A razor blade makes a smooth, clean incision in the skin, leaving behind few if any foreign particles that might cause the wound to become infected. Although it might hurt initially, the pain brought on by a small razor cut usually fades after a few minutes.
被纸划伤跟被剃须刀片划伤很像，但是有一点不同。剃须刀片造成的伤口较为平整，几乎不会留下任何会导致伤口感染的异物。虽然刚被剃须刀片划伤的时候很疼，但是过几分钟疼痛感就会慢慢消退。
Like a superficial cut by a razor blade, a paper cut smoothly parts the skin, but while a clean razor leaves little behind to irritate the wound, a paper cut deposits material that really stings.
被纸划伤的伤口和剃须刀片造成的伤口一样，也很平整。但是干净的刀片不会留下任何物质去刺激伤口，而纸划伤口却会留下一些让人感到疼痛的物质。
Paper is made of pressed wood mulch, and a variety of chemicals. When paper cuts into the skin, chemical coated fibers, as well as bacteria and tiny particles remain in the wound and stimulate pain receptors in the skin.
纸是由压缩木片和多种化学物质构成的。当纸划过皮肤时，化学涂层纤维、细菌和细小颗粒物就会留在伤口里，对皮肤里的痛觉感受器产生刺激。
Because the cut is usually small and shallow, the skin on either side of the wound closes quickly, trapping the fibers and other particles inside. The result is a good deal of pain, and since the closed wound doesn’t allow for much bleeding, the pain seems entirely out of proportion to a cut that you can barely detect.
由于伤口通常很小且很浅，伤口会很快愈合，同时会把纤维和其他粒子留在伤口里面。所以，你才会感到十分疼痛，由于闭合的伤口几乎不会流血，所以说，即使伤口小到你几乎察觉不到，但是伤口造成的疼痛感却是要人命的!
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