医学中英文对照文章
随着信息化社会的高速发展,国民的健康意识不断提高,我国借鉴发达国家先进的健康管理经验,初步形成了具有一定中国国情的健康管理模式,国民参与健康管理的意识大大增强。下面是学习啦小编带来的医学中英文对照文章，欢迎阅读!
医学中英文对照文章1
美国科学家研究“起死回生术”
A groundbreaking trial to see if it is possible to regenerate the brains of dead people, has won approval from health watchdogs.
探究死者大脑能否重获新生的开创性实验已获卫生监管部门批准可以开展。
A biotech company in the US has been granted ethical permission to recruit 20 patients who have been declared clinically dead from a traumatic brain injury, to test whether parts of their central nervous system can be brought back to life.
美国一家生物科技公司获得伦理许可，将招募20位因脑创伤被宣布临床死亡的病人，用于测试他们的部分中枢神经系统能否被复苏。
Scientists will use a combination of therapies, which include injecting the brain with stem cells and a cocktail of peptides, as well as deploying lasers and nerve stimulation techniques which have been shown to bring patients out of comas.
科学家们将合用多种治疗方法，包括给大脑注入干细胞和混合多肽，以及利用激光和神经刺激技术等等。激光神经刺激技术此前被证实能让病人从昏迷中苏醒。
The trial participants will have been certified dead and only kept alive through life support. They will be monitored for several months using brain imaging equipment to look for signs of regeneration, particularly in the upper spinal cord - the lowest region of the brain stem which controls independent breathing and heartbeat.
接受试验者必须已经被确认为死亡，只靠生命维持设备维持生命体征。研究者将通过大脑成像设备进行几个月的监测，寻找重生信号，特别是在高位脊髓区域。高位脊髓是脑干的最低部位，它控制着独立呼吸和心跳。
The team believes that the brain stem cells may be able to erase their history and re-start life again, based on their surrounding tissue – a process seen in the animal kingdom in creatures like salamanders who can regrow entire limbs.
研究团队相信，基于周围组织，脑干细胞也许可以抹去历史，重启生命。这样的过程经常见于动物王国，比如像娃娃鱼这样的生物就可以重新长出完好的肢干。
Dr Ira Pastor, the CEO of Bioquark Inc. said: “This represents the first trial of its kind and another step towards the eventual reversal of death in our lifetime.
“Bioquark”公司执行总裁艾拉·帕斯特博士说：“这是人类首次进行此类实验，是我们在有生之年逆转死亡的又一次尝试。
"We just received approval for our first 20 subjects and we hope to start recruiting patients immediately from this first site – we are working with the hospital now to identify families where there may be a religious or medical barrier to organ donation.
“我们刚得到批准，可以先对20位受试者进行试验，我们希望能立刻开始招募病人，就从这里的第一个试验地点开始着手——我们现在正与院方携手，看看哪些家庭可能由于宗教或医疗限制不能捐献器官。
"To undertake such a complex initiative, we are combining biologic regenerative medicine tools with other existing medical devices typically used for stimulation of the central nervous system, in patients with other severe disorders of consciousness.
“为了开展如此复杂的试验，我们将运用生物再生医学方法，并结合其它通常用于刺激中枢神经系统的医疗手段，治疗患有其它严重意识障碍的病人。
"We hope to see results within the first two to three months."
“我们希望在两三个月内看到结果。”
The ReAnima Project has just received approval in India, and the team plans to start recruiting patients immediately.
这项重生计划也刚在印度获得批准，研究团队计划立即开始招募病人。
The first stage, named 'First In Human Neuro-Regeneration & Neuro-Reanimation' will be a non-randomised, single group 'proof of concept' and will take place at Anupam Hospital in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand India.
此研究的第一阶段——“人类首次神经复苏和再生”，将会是一组非随机的“概念验证”，试验将在印度北阿坎德邦卢德拉普尔的安努帕姆医院进行。
The peptides will be administered into the spinal cord daily via a pump, with the stem cells given bi-weekly, over the course of a 6 week period.
在长达六周的疗程里，研究人员每天都会通过泵送的方式往病人脊髓里注入多肽，每两周注入一次干细胞。
Dr Pastor added: "It is a long term vision of ours that a full recovery in such patients is a possibility, although that is not the focus of this first study – but it is a bridge to that eventuality."
帕斯特博士补充说：“我们认为，从长远来看，这样的病人是有可能完全复苏的。尽管我们第一次试验还达不到这样的目标，但却是最终实现这一目标的桥梁。”
Brain stem death is when a person no longer has any brain stem functions, and has permanently lost the potential for consciousness and the capacity to breathe.
如果一个人的脑干不再有任何功能，并永久失去了恢复意识和恢复呼吸的可能，就算脑干死亡。
A person is confirmed as being dead when their brain stem function is permanently lost.
如果一个人永久丧失了脑干功能，就被临床确认为死亡。
However, although brain dead humans are technically no longer alive, their bodies can often still circulate blood, digest food, excrete waste, balance hormones, grow, sexually mature, heal wounds, spike a fever, and gestate and deliver a baby.
然而，尽管从技术上讲，脑死亡的人已经死了，但他们的身体通常还能进行血液循环、消化食物、排泄废物、平衡荷尔蒙、生长、性成熟、愈合伤口、抑制发烧、怀孕和生小孩。
Recent studies have also suggested that some electrical activity and blood flow continues after brain cell death, just not enough to allow for the whole body to function.
最近的研究也表明，脑细胞死亡后，脑电活动和血液流通仍在继续，只不过还不足以作用于整个身体。
And while human beings lack substantial regenerative capabilities in the central nervous system, many non-human species, such as amphibians and certain fish, can repair, regenerate and remodel substantial portions of their brain and brain stem even after critical life-threatening trauma.
尽管人类中枢神经系统中缺少强劲的重生能力，但很多非人类物种，比如两栖动物和某些鱼类，甚至在大脑受到威胁生命的严重创伤之后，仍然可以自我修复、新生并重建大脑和脑干的很多部分。
“Through our study, we will gain unique insights into the state of human brain death, which will have important connections to future therapeutic development for other severe disorders of consciousness, such as coma, and the vegetative and minimally conscious states, as well as a range of degenerative CNS conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease,” added Dr Sergei Paylian, Founder, President, and Chief Science Officer of Bioquark Inc.
“Bioquark”公司创始人、总裁兼首席科学官谢尔盖·佩林博士说：“通过这项独特的研究，我们可以深入了解人类大脑死亡的状况，对今后治疗其它严重意识障碍有重要影响，比如昏迷、植物状态、阿尔兹海默和帕金森等一系列中枢神经系统退化问题。”
Commenting on the trial, Dr Dean Burnett, a neuroscientist at the Cardiff University’s Centre for Medical Education said: “While there have been numerous demonstrations in recent years that the human brain and nervous system may not be as fixed and irreparable as is typically assumed, the idea that brain death could be easily reversed seems very far-fetched, given our current abilities and understanding of neuroscience.
卡迪夫大学医学教育中心神经科学家迪恩·伯内特博士这样评论此次试验：“近年来，尽管很多证据都表明人类大脑和神经系统也许不像人们通常设想的那样不可更改、难以修复，但是，鉴于我们现有的能力和对神经科学的理解，‘大脑死亡能被轻易扭转’的这个想法仍然是非常不着边际的。”
"Saving individual parts might be helpful but it's a long way from resurrecting a whole working brain, in a functional, undamaged state."
“修复某几个部分也许还有可能，但要复活整个大脑，使其功能运转正常、完好无损，还有很长的路要走。”
医学中英文对照文章2
警惕：洞洞鞋的健康危机!
Most people have a love-hate relationship with Crocs(洞洞鞋). The rubbery(有弹力的)slip-ons first hit the market in 2002 as boat shoes by a maker in Boulder, Colo. Since then, the company has expanded to include more than 300 different styles, including boots, balletflats(平底鞋), wedges(坡跟鞋), and loafers(罗浮鞋).
许多人对洞洞鞋可谓又爱又恨。2002年科罗拉多州博尔德的一家制鞋商推出了洞洞鞋，从此一发不可收拾，如今该公司旗下的洞洞鞋已有包括靴式，芭蕾舞平底鞋式，坡跟鞋式和罗浮鞋式在内的300多个样式。
But many have been left wondering whether the spongy(海绵式的) shoes are really good for their feet.
许多人都心存疑虑：穿着这海绵式的鞋对脚是好是坏?
“Unfortunately, Crocs are not suitable for all-day use,” Megan Leahy, DPM, a Chicago-basedpodiatrist(足病医生) with the Illinois Bone and Joint Institute, tells the Huffington Post. “These shoes do not adequately secure the heel. When the heel is unstable, toes tend to grip, which can lead to tendinitis, worsening of toe deformities(畸形), nail problems, corns, andcalluses(茧). The same thing can happen with flip-flops(人字拖) or any backless shoes as the heel is not secured.”
足科医师Megan 任职于位于芝加哥的伊利诺伊骨科关节研究所。他在接受《赫芬顿邮报》采访时表示“洞洞鞋无法保护脚后跟。如果脚后跟踩不稳，脚趾就不得不因发力而弯曲，长此以往会使人患上肌腱炎，加重脚趾畸形，脚趾甲也会出现问题，脚掌上会长鸡眼，磨出茧子。穿人字拖或者任何没有足跟保护的鞋都会出现上述问题。”
But what if you get the ones with the back strap( 带) like Mario Batali’s?
那么有后带设计的 Mario Batali牌洞洞鞋呢?
Still no good, says Alex Kor, DPM, president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine.
美国足科运动医学学会会长足科医学博士Alex Kor给出了否定的答案。
According to Kor, the problem lies in the flexible shank of the shoe — the portion between the heel and toe.Kor表示真正的问题出在洞洞鞋的前帮部分，即穿鞋人脚趾与脚后跟之间的部分。
“Patients are more likely to have foot pain if their shoes bend in the shank,” Kor tells Huffington Post. “I see patients who come into my office complaining of arch or heel pain, and they are wearing Crocs.”“
如果脚趾弯曲，患者会感到脚痛”Kor告诉《赫芬顿邮报》“和我说足弓或者脚后跟疼的患者都穿着洞洞鞋。”
While both Leahy and Kor are quick to dismiss the all-day wear of Crocs, they do admit that they’re OK for the short term.
Leathy和Kor不建议人们长时间穿洞洞鞋，但短时间穿不会有大问题。
“OK to use for trips to the beach or the pool, but [they] should not be used for long walks,” Leahy says.
Leahy说：“在沙滩或者游泳池穿上一阵没什么问题，但不应该穿着洞洞鞋长时间走路。”
医学中英文对照文章3
寨卡病毒大流行，拉响全球变暖警报
The global public health emergency involving deformed babies emerged in 2015, the hottest year in the historical record, with an outbreak in Brazil of a disease transmitted by heat-loving mosquitoes. Can that be a coincidence?
2015年，全球出现婴儿畸形的公共卫生紧急情况。这一年也是有史以来最热的一年。这种由喜热的蚊子所传播的疾病在巴西爆发，是否可能只是巧合?
Scientists say it will take them years to figure that out, and pointed to other factors that may have played a larger role in starting the crisis. But these same experts added that the Zika epidemic, as well as the related spread of a disease called dengue that is sickening as many as 100 million people a year and killing thousands, should be interpreted as warnings.
科学家称，要确定是否属于巧合需要进行多年的研究。他们指出这次危机可能另有原因。但是，这些专家还补充说，寨卡疫情以及与之相关的登革热的传播应该被视为一种警告。后者一年最多能感染1亿人，并造成数以千计的人们死亡。
Over the coming decades, global warming is likely to increase the range and speed the life cycle of the particular mosquitoes carrying these viruses, encouraging their spread deeper into temperate countries like the United States.
在未来几十年，全球变暖可能造成携带这些特殊病毒的蚊子的活动范围扩大，生命周期加快，进而促使这些疫病向美国等温带国家扩展。
Recent research suggests that under a worst-case scenario, involving continued high global emissions coupled with fast population growth, the number of people exposed to the principal mosquito could more than double, to as many as 8 billion or 9 billion by late this century from roughly 4 billion today.
近期的研究表明，最糟糕的一种情况是，随着全球温室气体的大量排放和人口的高速增长，可能接触到这种蚊子的人口将翻番，目前是40亿左右，到本世纪末将多达80亿或90亿。
“As we get continued warming, it’s going to become more difficult to control mosquitoes,” said Andrew Monaghan, who is studying the interaction of climate and health at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. “The warmer it is, the faster they can develop from egg to adult, and the faster they can incubate viruses.”
“随着全球变暖，控制蚊子将越来越困难。”安德鲁·莫纳甘(Andrew Monaghan)说。安德鲁在科罗拉多州博尔德的美国国家大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research)研究气候与健康的互动关系。“天气越热，蚊子从孵化到成年的速度就越快，病毒繁殖的速度也就越快。”
Already, climate change is suspected — though not proven — to have been a factor in a string of disease outbreaks afflicting both people and animals. These include the spread of malaria into the highlands of eastern Africa, the rising incidence of Lyme disease in North America, and the spread of a serious livestock ailment called bluetongue into parts of Europe that were once too cold for it to thrive.
人们怀疑，气候变化是人畜感染一系列疾病的一个原因，尽管这一点尚未得到证实。这些疾病包括东非高原地区的疟疾，北美莱姆病的发病率升高，欧洲部分地区的牲畜出现严重的蓝舌病疫情，那些地区之前因为太冷，很少出现这些疾病。
In interviews, experts noted that no epidemic was ever the result of a single variable.
在访谈中，专家指出没有任何一种传染病仅由一个变量引起的。
Instead, epidemics always involve interactions among genes, ecology, climate and human behavior, presenting profound difficulties for scientists trying to tease apart the contributing factors. “The complexity is enormous,” said Walter J. Tabachnick, a professor with the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, a unit of the University of Florida in Vero Beach.
相反，传染病常常涉及基因、生态、气候、人类行为等多种因素，所以科学家很难把单个因素分离出来。“原因极为复杂。”佛罗里达医学昆虫学实验室教授瓦尔特·塔巴奇尼克(Walter J. Tabachnick)说。
The epidemics of Zika and dengue are cases in point. The viruses are being transmitted largely by the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. That creature adapted long ago to live in human settlements, and developed a concomitant taste for human blood.
寨卡和登革热就是典型的例子。这些病毒主要是由感染黄热病的伊蚊传播。这种生物早已适应了在人类聚居地生存，并因此喜好人类的血液。
Cities in the tropics, the climate zone most favorable to the mosquito, have undergone explosive growth: Humanity passed a milestone a few years ago when more than half the population had moved to urban areas. But spending on health care and on basic public health infrastructure, like water pipes and sewers, has not kept pace. Mosquito control has also faltered in recent decades.
热带是最适合蚊子生存的气候带，而那里的城市正在迅猛的增长：几年前人类就跨过了一个里程碑：一半以上的人口已迁居到城市地区。但是公共医疗和公共卫生基础设施的投入，比如水管和下水道设施，仍是滞后的。近几十年对蚊子的控制也出现了放松。
The mosquito lays its eggs in containers of water, of a sort that are especially common in the huge slums of Latin American cities. With unreliable access to piped water, people there store water in rooftop cisterns, buckets and the like. Old tires and other debris can also become mosquito habitat.
蚊子在盛水的容器中产卵，这种容器在拉丁美洲城市的大型贫民窟中尤其常见。由于没有可靠的管道用水，那里的人们会把水存放在屋顶的水箱、水桶和类似的容器中。旧轮胎和其他垃圾也可能成为蚊子的栖息地。
Water storage near homes is commonplace in areas where Zika has spread rapidly, like the cities of Recife and Salvador in northeastern Brazil, and where dengue experienced a surge in2015, like S漀 Paulo, Brazil’s largest state.
在寨卡病毒迅速传播的区域，比如巴西东北部城市累西腓和萨尔瓦多，以及2015年出现登革热病例激增的巴西最大州圣保罗，都有在民宅附近存水的习惯。
Altogether, dengue killed at least 839 people in Brazil in 2015, a 40 percent increase from the previous year. Worldwide, dengue is killing more than 20,000 people a year.
2015年，巴西共有至少839人死于登革热，比上一年增加40%。而全世界一年有超过2万人死于登革热。 多名专家在访谈中称，疾病爆发的一个主要原因很可能是城市化、人口增长和跨国旅行造成受风险人口增加。他们认为气候变化只是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。
Several experts said in interviews that a main reason for the disease outbreaks was most likely the expansion of the number of people at risk, through urbanization, population growth and international travel. They see the changing climate as just another stress on top of a situation that was already rife with peril.
多名专家在采访中说，疾病爆发的一个主要原因很可能是随着城市化、人口增长和跨国旅行，面临风险的人群扩大了。他们认为在已经有重重危险的局面中，气候变化只是其中的一重压力。
While they do not understand to what degree rising temperatures and other weather shifts may have contributed to the outbreaks, they do understand some of the potential mechanisms.
虽然他们并不知道气温升高和其他气候变化因素，对疫情爆发的作用有多大，但是他们明白其中一些潜在的机制。
The mosquitoes mostly live on flower nectar, but the female of the species needs a meal of human blood to have enough protein to lay her eggs. If she bites a person infected with dengue, Zika or any of several other diseases, she picks up the virus.
蚊子大多以花蜜为生，但是雌性蚊子为了产卵，需要吸人血来提供充足的蛋白质。如果它叮了已感染登革热、寨卡或其他几种病的人，它就携带了该种病毒。
The virus has to reproduce in the mosquito for a certain period before it can be transmitted to another person in a subsequent bite. The higher the air temperature, the shorter that incubation period. Moreover, up to a point, higher temperatures cause the mosquitoes to mature faster.
病毒需要在蚊子的体内繁殖一段时间，才能在下一次叮咬时传播给他人。温度越高，病毒繁殖所需的时间就越短。而且在某个限度以内，温度越高，蚊子的成熟就越快。
With rising temperatures, “You’re actually speeding up the whole reproductive cycle of the mosquitoes,” said Charles B. Beard, who heads a unit in Fort Collins, Colo., studying insect-borne diseases for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. “You get larger populations, with more generations of mosquitoes, in a warmer, wetter climate. You have this kind of amplification of the risk.”
温度上升“实际上会加速蚊子的整个繁殖周期，”查尔斯·B·彼尔德(Charles B. Beard)说，“人口增加了，在更潮湿、更炎热的气候里，存活的蚊子世代也增多了，这就放大了风险。”彼尔德领导着一个位于科罗拉多州科林斯堡的团队，为亚特兰大的疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta)进行昆虫传播疾病研究。
In principle, the risk from continued global warming applies not just to temperate countries,but to cities at high altitude in tropical countries. Researchers are keeping a close eye on Mexico City, for instance.
理论上，全球持续变暖所带来的风险，不仅涉及温带国家，还涉及热带国家的高海拔城市。比如，研究人员正在密切关注墨西哥城。
With 21 million people in the city and its suburbs, Mexico City is the largest metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. While the lowlands of Mexico are plagued by yellow fever mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit, the country’s capital sits on a mountain plain that has — up to now— been too cold for the mosquitoes.
墨西哥城的城区和郊区一共有2100万人，它是西半球最大的都市。虽然在墨西哥的低地，感染黄热病和其他病毒的蚊子到处肆虐，但是墨西哥的首都位于较寒冷的山顶平原，至少目前蚊子还无法在那里生存。
But temperatures are rising, and the mosquitoes have recently been detected in low numbers near Mexico City.
但是随着气温的升高，墨西哥城附近最近发现了少量的蚊子。
“The mosquito is just down the hill, literally,” Dr. Monaghan said. “I think all the potential is there to have virus transmission if climatic conditions become a bit more suitable.”
“蚊子已经来到山脚下了，”莫纳甘博士说。“我觉得只要气候条件再合适一点，病毒就有可能开始传播。”
