杨澜ted英语演讲稿(2)
So making a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above 0. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.
年轻一代的日子不是那么好过.大学毕业生的供应超过需求.在城市里,大学毕业生的起薪大约在400美金一个月,但平均的房屋每月租金超过500美金.那怎么办呢?他们只能一起住挤在一个狭小的空间里就为了省钱他们称自己为"蚁族."至于那些打算结婚还要买房的人,他们认识到自己要打30-40年的工才能买得起一套住房.美国的比例是一对夫妻5年的薪水可买一套房,但在中国需要30-40年因为房价的高涨.
Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.
在两亿的离乡打工族中,60%是年轻人.他们觉得自己有点被夹在城市和乡村之间.他们大多数都不想回农村,但在城市他们没有归属感.他们的工作时间长薪水却相对较少，社会福利也不多.很多因素都会影响他们像失业,通货膨胀,银行贷款政策紧缩,人民币升值,或是欧美国家对中国产品需求的下降.去年,一场悲剧在中国南方的设备生产工厂发生了:13名工人年纪在20岁左右自杀,就像是一场传染病一样.只是死亡原因不同.整个事件引起了社会的关注.大家开始关心这些工人身体和心理上的孤单.
For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
有些选择返回乡村的人,当地人十分欢迎他们回乡,因为他们在城市获得了知识，技术，和人际关系,通过互联网的帮助,他们可以创造更多工作,在发展较落后的地区将农业升级并创造更多商机.过去几年里,在临海区域,出现劳动力短缺的现象.
These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
这些图表显示一个更概括的社会状况.第一个是恩格尔系数,它解释了每天生活必需的花费的百分比在过去的10年内,从家庭收入的角度来看,已经下降到37%.但是在过去的两年里,这个比例上涨到39%,这说明了生活花费在上升.吉尼系数显示已经过了0.4的警戒线.现在是0.5比美国还差说明的收入不平等.你能看到整个社会都感到沮丧因为他们失去了一部分的流动性.同时,针对富人和有权利人士的怨恨与憎恨开始蔓延.所以各种对腐败或是官商勾结的指控都可造成社会的谴责甚至动乱.
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
通过观察微博上一些最热门的话题,我们可以更了解年轻的一代.社会公正与政府责任是他们最关心的问题.在过去的十年里,大量的城市化发展让我们看见了很多有关强拆私人住宅的报导.这些新闻引起了年轻人的不满和失望.过程中有时有人死亡,也有人以自焚来抗议.当这类报导大量在互联网上出现的时候,人们强烈要求政府出面制止.
So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guess what, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.
好消息是在今年早期,国务院在房屋申请和拆建方面颁布了一项新政策同时允许法庭传唤那些强拆的地方政府官员.还有很有其它让民众担忧的问题在互联网上受到了强烈议论.大家应该都听说过空气污染,水源污染,有毒食品.但应该不知道我们还发明了山寨版牛肉吧.这种牛肉精包含多种成分如果你把它们涂在鸡肉或是鱼肉上面,那就鸡鱼肉看起来就像牛肉了.最近,民众们开始担心食用油,原因是有上千的人发现餐馆使用的油是加工过的阴沟油.这类现象在互联网上引起了大众的强烈不满.幸运地是,我们看到政府更及时和更平常地来消除公众的担忧.
While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pass the U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
虽然这些年轻的一代确信他们在政策制定上的影响,但在自己生活方面的追求上却有点找不到方向.中国很快会超越美国.成为第一大奢侈品消费市场这还不包括在中国人在欧洲和其它地方的消费.但你也许不知道,这其中一半的消费者收入还不到2000美元.他们根本就不是有钱人.但这些名牌手袋和衣服对他们来说是一种身份的象征.这个女孩在一个相亲节目上公开表明她宁愿坐在寳马车里哭也不要坐在脚踏车上笑.但当然还是有年轻人觉得寳马脚踏车都无所谓,只要能开心就好.
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.
在这张图片里,是一种很流行的现象叫做“裸婚".他们不是在婚礼上不穿衣服,但已经决定要在没有车房,没有钻戒没有婚宴的情况下结为夫妇,来实现他们对真爱的承诺.通过社交媒体,人们还做了有很多意义的事.这张图片上展示了一台卡车上的500只将会被加工成食物的流浪狗和被绑架的狗在高速路上被发现和停了下来整个国家都在微博上关注此事件.有人捐钱,捐狗粮志愿去停下那台卡车.几小时的协商后,这500只狗获救了.同时也有人帮助找走失的孩童.这位爸爸将儿子的图片上传到网上,在成千上万的转发后,孩子找到了,我们通过微博见证了一家的团聚.
So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
幸福是最近两年里听到最多次的词语.幸福不单只是和个人经历和价值相关,它也同样关系到我们的环境.人们在思考这些问题:我们到底应不应该牺牲我们的环境来换取GDP的增长?我们应该如何来实现社会和政治的改革才能赶上经济的增长,让发展更持续和更稳定?还有,自行纠正的制度到底有多大的能力让人们在这么多冲突的情况下还能感到满足?我想民众们会给这些问题一个答案.我们年轻的一代将会改变他们的国家同时也改变了自己.
Thank you very much. (Applause)
