英语国家概况英国的教育体制
英国国家的教育体制与我国的有何不同，为什么会这样呢?下面是学习啦小编带来英语国家概况:英国的教育体制详情，欢迎大家阅读!
英语国家概况:英国的教育体制
The education system in Britain
1. primary education 初等教育，小学教育
Primary education is compulsory(义务教育) in Britain.It begins at five in Great Britain and four in NorthernIreland. All children have to attend primary schooland they finish their primary education at the age of11. In addition to the many state primaryschools(公立小学) which do not ask their pupils to payfees, there are also some fee-paying independentprimary schools (收费的私立小学). The most famous fee-paying primary schools are thepreparatory schools which admit children from seven-plus to 11,12 or 13 years old.
初等教育在英国是义务教育，大不列颠是从5岁开始，北爱尔兰是4岁。所有的孩子必须参加初等教育，并在11岁完成。除了许多国家公立小学不向学生收费外，也有一些收费的私立小学。预备学校学生的年龄通常为7岁以上到11 12 13岁。
2. secondary education 中等教育，中学教育
Secondary education in Britain is also compulsory. All the children must receive secondaryeducation after finishing their primary education at the age of eleven. The secondary schoolage-range(中学生的年龄段) is from 11-18. About 90 per cent of the state secondary schoolpopulation in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools.Secondary schools includecomprehensive schools (综合中学), secondary modern schools (现代中学) and grammarschools(文法学校). They are state schools(公立学校)。
中等教育在英国也是必须的，所有孩子必须在11岁完成初等教育后接受中等教育。中学生的年龄段从11-18。大不列颠90%左右的国属中等学校学生就读于综合中学。
3. higher education 高等教育，大学教育
There are some 90 universities,including the Open University. Most famous ones are Oxford andCambridge. There is also the Open University which is “open” to all to become students, mainlyadult students.
包括开放大学在内，英国共有90所大学。最著名的是牛津和剑桥。还有开放大学，即向所有未来的学生和成人开放。
英语国家概况:英国的政府体制
I.General knowledge
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen. The UnitedKingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereignby His or Her Majesty's Government. The System ofparliamentary government is not based on a writtenconstitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up ofstatute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law andinterprets statutes.
联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪
法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。
Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's powerare limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no ral power. Constitutionalmonarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
II.The Monarchy君主制
1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God ofthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms andTerritories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的上帝之恩典，女王，英联邦元首，共同信仰的保护者。”
2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, anintegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all thearmed forces and the "supreme governor" of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent toBills passed by parliament.
女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的法案给予御准。
III.Parliament 议会
1. The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal,state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, theHouse of Lords and the House of Commons.
英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。
2. The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to passlaws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, themeans of carrying on the work of government; (3) toexamine government Policy and administrations,including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.
议会的主要作用是：(1)通过立法;(2)投票批准税为政府工作提供资金;(3)检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议;(4)当天的议题辩论。
The House of Lords 上院
The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The LordsSpiritual are the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yord and 24 senior bishops of the Church ofEngland. The Lords Temporal consist of 1) all hereditary peers and peeresses of England,Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom(but not peers of Ireland);2)life peers created toassist the House in its judicial duties;3)all other life peers. The main function of the House ofLords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.上院由神职人员和世俗议员组成。神职包括坎特伯雷和约克大主教及24名高级主教。世俗议员包括1)所有英，苏，大不列颠及联合王国的世袭贵族，女贵族(但不包括爱尔兰);2)协助议院司法工作的终身贵族;3)其他终身贵族。上院的主要作用就是集中议员集体经验智慧制定法律。
The House of Commons 下院
The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members ofParliament (MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority for law-makingresides.下
院议员由成人普选产生，共有651名议员。最高立法权掌握在下院手中。
1) Parliamentary Electoral System议会选举制
A General Election must be held every five years and is often held at more frequent intervals.British citizens, together with citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of the IrishRepublic resident in Britain, may vote provided they are 1) aged 18 or over,2)included in theannual register of electors for the constituency, and 3)not subject to any disqualification. Acandidate must deposit 500 pound.大选每5年一次，且经常不足5年就举行。英国公民包括其他英联邦国家公民和爱尔兰共和国在英国的居民都有选举权。选举条件1)18或18以上，2)选区全体选民的每年选民登记册上登记注册者3)有资格参选者。候选人必须交纳500英镑保证金。
2)The Political Party System政党体制
Since 1945 either the Conservative Party or the Labour Parth has held power.
自1945年以来，一直由保守党或工党轮流执政。
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