英国饮食文化之下午茶的由来
现在越来越多的国人也开始喝起了下午茶，下午茶中最富盛名的还属英式下午茶，今天学习啦小编在这里为大家介绍英国的饮食文化之下午茶的由来，欢迎大家阅读！
英国饮食文化：下午茶的由来
下午茶是英国传统的精华所在，但它并没有特别悠久的历史。在中国，饮茶的历史可以追溯到公元前3000年，而在英国，喝茶的风俗直到17世纪60年代英王查尔斯二世时期才开始兴盛起来。而下午茶的概念要到19世纪中叶才出现。
下午茶是由第七任贝德福公爵夫人安娜在1840年创造出来的。公爵夫人在下午四点钟左右常常会感到饥饿，而根据当时的风尚，晚餐要在八点钟才会开始，于是午餐和晚餐中间就有很长的一段时间。公爵夫人就命人把茶，黄油面包和蛋糕在下午晚些时候送到她的房间里去吃。这以后就成了她的习惯了，而且她开始邀请好友一起来饮茶吃点心。
自此之后，茶歇就成了一种社会潮流。在19世纪80年代，通常，下午茶会安排在起居室，时间大约是在下午四点到五点，而上层社会的女士们则会穿着长裙，戴手套和帽子来品用下午茶。
传统的下午茶包括精选的三明治，英式奶油松饼，还有蛋糕和其他甜点。选用印度或锡兰(现斯里兰卡)出产的茶叶放入银质茶壶内泡茶，再将茶水倒在精致的中国骨瓷茶杯中饮用。
Afternoon tea, that most quintessential of English customs is, perhaps surprisingly, a relatively new tradition. Whilst the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China and was popularised in England during the 1660s by King Charles II, it was not until the mid 19th century that the concept of ‘afternoon tea’ first appeared.
Afternoon tea was introduced in England by Anna, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, in the year 1840. The Duchess would become hungry around four o'clock in the afternoon. The evening meal in her household was served fashionably late at eight o'clock, thus leaving a long period of time between lunch and dinner. The Duchess asked that a tray of tea, bread and butter and cake be brought to her room during the late afternoon. This became a habit of hers and she began inviting friends to join her.
This pause for tea became a fashionable social event. During the 1880's upper-class and society women would change into long gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea which was usually served in the drawing room between four and five o'clock.
Traditional afternoon tea consists of a selection of dainty sandwiches, scones served withclotted cream. Cakes and pastries are also served. Tea grown in India or Ceylon is poured from silver tea pots into delicate bone china cups.
关于下午茶的英文阅读：英式下午茶的前世今生
The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those who are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having a relaxing afternoon tea with a few good friends and taking a break from studying?
温暖的天气最适合进行户外活动了。但对那些非运动型的人来说，还有什么能比在学习之余、约上三五好友一起畅享轻松下午茶来得更惬意呢?
But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea ― its origins, what’s included, and the proper etiquette? We sum up a few things you need to know about this traditional English custom so that you can enjoy it more.
但你了解下午茶文化吗?包括它的起源、内容以及礼仪?为了让你更尽兴地享受这一英式传统，我们为你盘点了一些喝下午茶的必备知识。
Where it all began
起源
While the tradition of drinking tea dates back to more than 3,000 BC in China, it was not until the mid 17th century that the concept of “afternoon tea” first appeared in the UK.
在中国，饮茶的传统可以追溯到公元前3000年，而直到十七世纪中叶，英国才首次出现了“下午茶”的概念。
In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, started asking for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, as she found she was hungry at this time and the evening meal in her household was served fashionably late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult to break and soon invited other ladies in society to join her.
1840年，第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜?玛利亚?罗素每天都会吩咐仆人在下午4点备好一个盛有黄油、面包以及蛋糕的茶盘，因为她发现自己每天下午4点都会饿，而当时时兴的晚餐时间是晚上8点。很快她发现这个新习惯令人欲罢不能，便邀请另一些女士来加入其中。
This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. During the 1880s, upperclass and society women would change into long gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea.
这种茶歇很快便成了当时的社会潮流。到了19世纪80年代，上流社会女性则会为了享用一顿下午茶而专门换上长礼服、手套以及帽子。
What an afternoon tea includes
下午茶的内容
Traditional afternoon tea, which is typically served between 4 pm and 6 pm, is technically a small meal, not a drink. It consists of a selection of dainty sandwiches (thinly sliced cucumber sandwiches with the crusts cut off are a classic), freshly baked scones served with cream and fruit jam, cakes and pastries. Of course, tea or coffee, served with milk and sugar, is also provided.
传统的下午茶一般会于下午四点至六点间供应。确切来说，这是一顿简餐，并非仅仅喝茶而已。餐点包括精致的三明治(去边面包制成的薄片黄瓜三明治则是经典之选)、新鲜出炉的英式松饼配上奶油和果酱，还有蛋糕和其他甜点。当然少不了搭配奶和糖的咖啡或茶。
Nowadays, you can enjoy a traditional yet fancy afternoon tea with pot-brewed tea and delicate snacks in many restaurants and hotels. But in the average home, afternoon tea is likely to be much simpler ― biscuits with a mug of tea, usually produced using a teabag.
如今，你能在很多的餐厅和酒店享受到这样一顿传统而别致的下午茶——一壶沏好的香茗，配上数样精美糕点。但在寻常人家，下午茶往往就简单得多了——用马克杯冲泡一个茶包，再配上几块饼干就可以了。
Etiquette of afternoon tea
下午茶礼仪
As with everything, a particular etiquette is associated with afternoon tea. Here are a few tips for ensuring your tea taking standards are faultless.
事事皆有礼仪，下午茶亦不例外。下面这些小贴士，可以确保你享受一次完美的下午茶。
1. By definition, afternoon tea is a dainty meal. So, when you drink your tea, take small sips rather than “glugging” it down. There’s a definite order to taking tea, but the actual drinking of tea can take place throughout the “meal”.
1.显然，下午茶是精致的一餐。所以，饮茶时要小口啜饮，不能端杯见底。虽然喝茶的顺序有讲究，但实际上，在整个下午茶过程中，你随时可以品尝香茗。
2. Similarly, the food served should be consumed in a restrained fashion as well. Sandwiches are eaten first, followed by the sweet snacks, such as cakes, pastries and scones.
2.同样，品尝下午茶食物也是十分讲究的。先吃三明治、然后是甜点，例如蛋糕，点心以及英式松饼。
3. Scones are always broken, never cut. They should be served with jam and clotted cream, or butter. The jam goes on first, followed by the cream or butter.
3.英式松饼往往是小块的，不再作切分。一般会配上果酱、固体奶油或黄油。先抹果酱，然后再涂奶油或黄油。
4. Crumpets are buttered whole and then cut before eating.
4.吃烤饼时先要整体涂满黄油，食用前再切开。
5. Cakes and pastries should be made so that the use of a pastry fork is not needed, although if that’s not the case, the use of such an implement is perfectly acceptable.
5.蛋糕和点心都是事先准备好的，因此不需要使用糕点叉，但如遇例外，也完全可以使用这些餐具。
6. If you take milk with your tea, pour the tea first and then add milk.
6.若要在茶中添加牛奶时，切记要先倒茶再加牛奶。
关于下午茶的英文阅读：英国的下午茶和6点茶
AFTERNOON TEA (The traditional 4 o'clock tea)
This is a small meal, not a drink. Traditionally it consists of Tea (or coffee) served with either ofthe following:Freshly baked scones served with cream and jam (Known as a cream tea)
Afternoon tea sandwiches often thinly sliced cucumber sandwiches with the crusts cut off.
与其说这是单纯的饮茶，不如说这是一顿简餐。因为按照传统，它除了包含茶(或咖啡)等饮料之外，还有不少点心，例如：
点缀有奶油和果酱的现烤热斯康饼(以奶油茶闻名)
下午茶三明治通常都是无边的黄瓜三明治}
Assorted pastries
Now most ordinary British families do not have time for afternoon tea at home, but in the past it was a tradition. It became popular about one hundred and fifty years ago, when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea. They started offering their visitors sandwiches and cakes too. Soon everyone was enjoying Afternoon tea.
各式各样的面团糕饼
现在大多数英国家庭都没有时间在家喝下午茶，但在过去这却是个重要的传统习惯。150年前，下午茶在英国非常盛行，贵妇们都会邀请自己的朋友来家里喝下午茶，同时也给来访者提供三明治和蛋糕等点心，很快人们便开始享受下午茶的无限乐趣了。
HIGH TEA (The traditional 6 o'clock tea)
The British working population did not have afternoon tea. They had a meal about midday, and a meal after work, between five and seven o'clock. This meal was called 'high tea' or just 'tea'.
Traditionally eaten early evening, High tea was a substantial meal that combined delicious sweet foods, such as scones, cakes, buns or tea breads, with tempting savouries, such as cheese on toast, toasted crumpets, cold meats and pickles or poached eggs on toast. This meal is now often replaced with a supper due to people eating their main meal in the evenings rather than at midday.
6点茶(传统的6点茶)
英国的工人在过去并不喝下午茶。他们通常吃顿午饭，并在工作结束之后大约5点到7点之间再吃点东西，这顿简餐就被称为“high tea”或者就是“tea”。
High tea是有实质内容的一餐，由可口的甜品和诱人的各式点心组成。甜品如斯康饼、蛋糕、圆面包等;点心如乳酪土司、煎饼、冷冻肉、腌蛋土司等。High tea现在已基本被晚饭取代，因为通常人们总是习惯把晚饭作为一天最重要的一餐，而非午餐。
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