英语写作中容易出错的单词有哪些(2)
9. congratulate
典型错误：She congratulated them for what they had achieved.
正确表达：congratulate (祝贺、道贺)常与介词on/upon连用。例：
We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
10. passed
典型错误：I past my driving test.
正确表达：动词pass的一般过去时变化是规则的，即passed; 而past不是动词形式，可作形容词、名词、介词和副词。故应将上句中的past改为passed。例：
I’ve been ill for the past two weeks.
The old man is living in the past. 这位老人现在生活在过去之中。
11. cross
典型错误：The soldiers acrossed the bridge by means of ladders.
正确表达：作介词或副词的across不能单独作谓语，可将上句中的acrossed改为动词crossed或went across。
12. during
典型错误：During you are away, I’ll be kind to him.
正确表达：during (在……内;在……时期中)是一介词，故不能作关联词。上句须改为：While you are away, I’ll be kind to him. 例：
Not a word did they exchange during the meal.
13. between
典型错误：You’re to sit between Tom and I.
正确表达：介词between(在……之间)后的代词应用宾格，故上句应改为：
You’re to sit between Tom and me.
14. more
典型错误：My room is much more better than the one next door.
正确表达：上句中better已是形容词比较级，故须去掉more。
15.upstairs
典型错误：We go to upstairs to bed.
正确表达：作副词时，upstairs及downstairs前不用介词，上句应改为：
We go upstairs to bed.
16. lately
典型错误：He got here five minutes lately.
正确表达：lately是指“最近(recently)”,而late作副词时是表示“晚;到很晚”，故上句应改为：
He got here five minutes late.
Have you seen her lately?
△ 试比较以下含“形似意异”词语的句子：
a. He works hard in school while his brother hardly ever reads a book.
在校他努力学习然而他弟弟几乎不读书。
b. Most of them, who were mostly friends of the manager, were saved in the fire.
他们中的大多数被从火灾中救了出来，他们主要是经理的朋友。
c. Only when December draws near do I realize that it’s nearly Christmas.
只有当十二月临近我才意识到几乎已是圣诞节了。
17. price
典型错误：The owner charged an expensive price for his new flat.
正确表达：price常与high/reasonable/right/low 等连用，而expensive, cheap则常与表“物品”的名词连用。例：
Loneliness is a high price to pay for independence in your old age.
孤寂是老年独自生活要付出的高昂代价。
I can’t afford the car; it’s too expensive.
18. from place to place
典型错误：Fishes in the ocean are carried from places to places by tides.
正确表达：英语中通常讲究一个平行结构原则：两个相同的名词放在一个平行结构里，名词一般用单数且前通常不加冠词。例：
face to face(面对面)
hand in hand(手牵手)
side by side (并肩)
shoulder to shoulder(并肩、协力)neck and neck(赛马等)并驾齐驱、不分上下day by day(指渐进的过程)day after day(重复的单一的行动)
△ 但在谚语“以眼还眼 以牙还牙。”中则是：
an eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth)
19. key
典型错误：The key of success is preparation.
正确表达：key作“最重要的事;答案、解释、说明等”解时，其后常与to连用，构成the key to sth. 例：
Here is a key to the grammar exercises.
20. what
典型错误：All what I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris.
正确表达：关系代词型的what相当于the thing(s) that (which)，其前不能再用先行词。上句可改为：
All that I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris. 或
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris.
