雅思写作如何论证

　　在雅思写作考试中，大作文考的是议论文，就是考察考生是否能够在相对较短的时间内搜集论据，具体地论证自己的观点。另外，雅思写作大作文的话题范围非常广泛，大到政府社会、经济、科技，小到工作、教育等话题都会考到。这对于长期只接受国内应试教育的考生来说，是有一定的困难，很多时候只看个题目都会觉得无从下笔，因而很多中国考生的论文空洞，缺乏说服力，那么雅思写作应该如何论证呢?

　　雅思写作如何论证?大作文不是讲道理

　　很多中国考生在应对雅思作文时喜欢通过讲道理来说明问题，但话题中并不是所有题目和内容都可以通过道理来说服他人的，比如关于“anti-social behavior”， 属于道德范畴的话题，是很难用道理来讲清楚的。所以，建议考生在备考时需要加强论据论证的能力，使其能够很好地支持自己的观点。

　　先来看下小编的一篇关于“anti-social behavior"的范文，大家可以借鉴下他的观点提出和地道的表达

　　Task 2 题目：Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviors and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? Who should take responsibility for dealing with it? (选自 2011 年 01 月 22 日雅思写作机经)

　　Write at least 250 words

　　范文：

　　With the development of modern society, there seems to be an irresistible uprising momentum of anti-social behaviors and lacking in respect between people. Various causes may lead to this increasingly prevailing phenomenon. From my personal perspectives, I tend to attribute this tendency to the morbid social conduct, the gap between the rich and the poor and the fiasco of school education.

　　开头叁排比提出自己的观点：病态的社会风气、贫富差距、学校教育的失败是原因，定义为五段论的基调，坚持五段论是高分作文最起码的结构!!!

　　The surroundings somewhat influence the behaviors of people due to the conformity mentality among us. A healthy social conduct will guide people, on the contrary, an unhealthy society can destroy the very good nature of people. Take an example of the terrorist attack in Norway 2011, which caused 77 innocent civilians’ lives. If there were a more harmonious social conduct to give more sense of belonging to that pervert killer, the tragedy could be prevented.

　　无比贴切的例子的使用，挪威变态杀手的恐怖袭击，完全西方化的思维。

　　The widening gap between the wealthy and the poor also triggered the psychology of hatred of those so-called “borderline men”. The enlarging social stratification and the growing income gap between the white-collars and manual workers stir the mental imbalance as well as the call on unfairness among the people with humble birth. Spontaneously, the rich became more and more disrespectful to the poor which eventually awakened the wrath of them.

　　关键词乃“社会边缘人”，围绕这个中心词展开，究其塬因乃贫富差距之大之可憎!!!

　　The school education is the last to be condemned. Were there more skillful and patient guidance of how to cultivate a complete and sound personality, to some extent, there won’t be that many extremists and borderline people .The formation of individual’s property and character molded during juvenile years, especially, adolescence, which, if slightly twisted, could affect a person’s later on life pattern and personality. That’s where a good or bad education makes difference.

　　谴责学习教育，没有注重培养学生健全人格!!

　　In summary, if only we could generate a healthier social conduct, if only the gap between the rich and the poor could be narrowed, if only the quality of school education could be bettered, the anti-social behaviors will be eliminated greatly and the society of mutual-respect will rise up again.

　　词汇句型

　　与话题相关的词汇

　　Modern society 当代社会

　　Social conduct 社会风气

　　Social status 社会地位

　　Disrespectful to… 对..不尊重的

　　School education 学校教育

　　Extremist极端主义者

　　Borderline man/person社会边缘人物

　　高分词汇、词组

　　Twisted 扭曲的

　　Morbid 病态的

　　Fiasco大失败

　　Trigger扣动扳机，激发

　　Stir激起，唤起

　　Condemn谴责

　　Juvenile years 青少年时代

　　Adolescence青春期

　　Mutual-respect 互相尊重

　　Conformity mentality 从众心理

　　The psychology of hatred仇富心理

　　social stratification社会分层(乃高阶社会学单词)

　　Manual worker 体力劳动者

　　Mental imbalance 心理不平衡

　　Humble birth出生贫寒的，地位粗鄙的

　　Complete and sound personality 完整健全的人格

　　Mould(英) Mold(美)用模子做，陶冶，形成

　　The widening gap 日益拉大的趋势

　　an irresistible momentum 一种不可逆的趋势

　　An Increasingly prevailing phenomenon 一个逐渐普遍的趋势

　　高分句型

　　1. With the development of modern society, there seems to be an irresistible uprising momentum of anti-social behaviors and lacking

　　in respect between people.(一种不可逆的上升趋势，开头就像轰炸机一下给你当头一棒，起评分就定位在 7 分以上了)

　　2. A healthy social conduct will guide people, on the contrary, an unhealthy society can destroy the very good nature of people.(B 老师我名人名言一般的高度精炼语言组织，这种语言出来基本肯定是 8+的分数了)

　　3. If there were a more harmonious social conduct to give more sense of belonging to that pervert killer, the tragedy could be prevented.

　　(紧接着一句虚拟语气，继续轰炸你的阅读神经)

　　4. The enlarging social stratification and the growing income gap between the white-collars and manual workers stir the mental imbalance as well as the call on unfairness among the people with

　　humble birth.(不管是无比高大上的 social stratification 还是小词 stir 和 call on 的使用，都让这句话看上去像是从哪本社会性书上抄的，所以考官看到这里已经在 8.5 和 9 分之间徘徊、犹豫了)

　　5. The formation of individual’s property and character molded during juvenile years, especially, adolescence, which, if slightly twisted,

　　could affect a person’s later on life pattern and personality.(连续的逗号使用，就是不出现句号，再加上宾语从句，合情合理，句子结构清晰，考官终于忍不住给 9 分了!!!)

　　雅思写作评分潜规则--词汇和语法

　　很多考生总会这样形容自己“我词汇量低”，“我很多时候想好了中文却写不出英文单词”等，从中可以看出，词汇量对考生来说，总是一道难于逾越的坎。而更麻烦的是，词汇量是需要经年累月的积累，非短时间内可以达成。

　　然而，除词汇量不足之外，很多考生对于雅思词汇的具体要求并没有足够的了解;若想要在词汇方面得到7分及以上，考官的要求是use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation, 可以看出除了词汇量的要求之外，考生还需要尽可能多使用less common lexical items;要注意style和collocation的运用等。

　　一般说来，对于collocation来说比较常见的是nouns and verbs (make an assumption), adjectives and nouns (a key concept), or verbs and adverbs (fiercely independent)，那么考生在选择使用时可以根据实际情况，适当加入类似的搭配从而增加词汇的灵活性。当然要想提高这方面的词汇能力，考生可以选择多看范文的词汇选择，并且养成习惯勤加整理，毕竟词汇的突破离不开日常的积累。而对于less common的要求，考生一方面需要积累同义替换词，并且时刻记得避免重复单调的表达同时避免使用常用词汇来防止common，比如more and more最好使用an increasing number of;solve则可以使用address或是overcome来代替;choice应该换成alternative;important可以替换为crucial之类的。

　　除词汇要求外，雅思考官对于语言也有一定的要求。对于雅思写作7分的语法要求是：use a variety of complex structures, produce frequent error-free sentences and have good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.

　　雅思写作6分的语法要求是：use a mix of simple and complex sentences.

　　从要求中我们不难看出，多样的句式以及复杂句是获得雅思写作高分的基本要求。相比词汇，对于句子的准备反而可以说是比较容易一些。因为不管考题是如何，相对来说，能用的句式还是固定的。

　　如开头段落可以尝试那些较好套用的句式，类似：

　　1) The issue of whether… has been widely debated in the world.

　　2) One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that + 具体的社会问题 + and the question of + 由问题引起的后果或争论 + arises. (适用开头段第一句话;套用在：表达某种社会问题以及由此引发争论)例句：One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that senior citizens account for an increasingly larger proportion of the whole population and the question of who should be legally responsible for taking care of them arises.

　　3) In an attempt to solve the problem of …, some people assert that…等。4) Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on the following three reasons. 适用于开头段亮出自己观点时候使用。当考题提问为优缺点时候时，可使用于开头段最后一句：However, modern technologies have also exerted some negative impacts on our society and environment, which can be demonstrated in the following aspects.

　　总而言之，不管是哪种评分要求，考生都应该熟悉不同分数档的评分要求，在备考雅思写作时要有针对性。