怎样提高英语写作的技巧(3)
·避免重复用词
尽量避免过多地重复使用某一个单词，必要时应选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替，以免语言过于单调。如：
【原句】I like reading while my brother likes watching TV.
【修改】I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.
【原句】We’ve built a new classroom building besides the old one and we’ve also built a library where the old playground used to be.
【修改】We’ve built a new classroom building besides the old one and we’ve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.
(五)句式多变换
句式多样化绝对是高分的重要条件之一。句式有多种变法，参考如下。
·句子开头多样化
为了使文章更生动、活泼，除用主语开头的句子外，还可以使用其他句子成分开头的句子。
单个词的修饰语开头。例如：
Angry，his father walked away.(形容词)
Unfortunately，he did not find his bike.(副词)
Delighted，she met her father on her way home.(过去分词)
用短语开头。例如：
Behind me stood Mr. Sun，the president of our college.(介词短语)
Relying on our own effort，we overcame all the difficulties.(分词短语)
To tell the truth，I didn’t love her at all. (不定式短语)
用从句开头。例如：
If you don’t mind，I’ll turn off the light. (状语从句)
·特殊句式的使用
英语中的特殊句式有强调句、倒装句、感叹句等，其中在书面表达中应用得最多的是强调句。考生可以借助一些好的句子来熟记句型。
种类 句式
强调句 It is/was + 强调部分(主语、宾语、状语，不包括谓语动词)+ that/who + 原句其他成分
感叹句 How + adj./adv. + S + V
What + a/an + adj. + n + S + V
倒装句 Only + 状语成分 + V(助动词/ be动词/情态动词)+ S + V(动词原形)
So + adj. + be + S + that从句
So + adv. + V(助动词/情态动词)+ S + V(动词原形)+ that 从句
否定/半否定词或短语 + V(助动词/ be动词/情态动词)+ S + V(动词原形)
1.我们只有这样才能获取足够的能量去学得更好。
【原句】We can have enough energy to study better in this way.
【修改1】Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.(使用倒装句)
【修改2】 It is in this way that we can have enough energy to study better.(使用强调句型)
2.收到你的来信时，我很高兴。
【原句】I was happy when I received your letter.
【修改】How happy I was when I received your letter! (使用感叹句)
·巧妙使用从句
使用各种从句，包括定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，可以提升句子的“凝聚力”。
1.这顿饭很不错，我们都很喜欢吃。
【原句】The meal was very nice.We all enjoyed it very much.
【修改】The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.(使用so...that句型)
2.我在学校学习语文、数学、英语、物理、化学和计算机。
【原句】I study Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and computer at school.
【修改】The main subjects I study at school include Chinese，maths English，physics，chemistry and computer.(使用定语从句)
3.我希望地球将成为一个更好的居住地。
【原句】I hope that the earth will become a better place to live in.
【修改】What I hope for is that the earth will become a better place to live in.(分别使用了主语从句和表语从句)
定语从句、名词性从句(包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)、 状语从句是写作中常用到的句型。虽然这三大从句没有一个简单的一劳永逸的模式，但通过收集记忆一些典型句型或例句，可以很好地帮助同学们理解和运用。如：
There is no doubt that....(毫无疑问的是……)
There is no denying that....(无可否认的是……)
The reason why...is that....(……的原因是……)
This/That what/where/how/when/why/because....(这/那就是……)
It is universally believed that....(普遍认为……)
·多用非谓语形式
使用不定式，-ing短语，过去分词、介词短语，使句子灵活、简洁、实用。特别注意的是常用的状语从句都可以换为非谓语动词构成的状语结构。
【原文】 We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories.Some played chess.
【修改】After a short rest，we had great fun singing and dancing，telling jokes and playing chess.使用了介词短语，动名词(singing and dancing)和现在分词(telling jokes和playing chess)。
用非谓语动词作状语可分三步：第一步，找到状语从句部分;第二步，查看主从句是否立语一致，是否需要使用独立主格结构;第三步，查看从句主谓之间的逻辑关系，主动关系使用v-ing，被动关系使用v-ed。
·长短句结合
一篇优秀的英语作文，不会有大量的短句，也不会成篇都是复句。在复合句之间穿插使用一个短一些的简单句或结构往往会使文章变得活泼，显得张弛有度。
【原文】There is a new clssroom building on one side of the old road.There used to be a playground on the other side before.But there is a library now.There are all kinds of books，newspapers and magazines in the library.
改写过程可分以下几个步骤：(1)第一个句子是与地点有关的 there be句型，读起来有些平淡，根据句中含义提出一个简单句lt is an old road放首句，old一词起到吸引读者的作用。接着从原句中分出一个地点状语放句首引起倒装的句型：On one side of the road is a new classroom building.以便丰富句子结构。(2)原文的第二、三句都与地点on the other side(of the road)有关，因此可以把其中一句变为the other side 的定语从句，用逗号隔开，避免句子过长不利于理解。(3)原文的第四句换为that is where...句型，that指代前文的library，紧跟其后使语言显得紧凑。
【修改】It is an old road. On one side of the road is a new classroom building. On the other side of the road，where a playground used to be，stands a library now. That is where you can read all kinds of books，newspapers and magazines.
如上所见，长短句结合，可以给人抑扬顿挫之感，一个短小精悍的句子，通常可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
