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近五年高考英语听力场景词汇

曾扬分享

  高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思,还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的,掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式,也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。

  (1)餐馆场景:

  restaurant餐馆; cafeteria 自助餐厅;

  buffet 自助餐; canteen;dining hall 食堂,餐厅;

  coffee shop;cafe咖啡屋 ;

  snack bar 小吃街、大排挡

  【go out for dinner / dinner out / eat out 出去吃饭】

  waiter/waitress 男/女服务生;

  order 点菜 ;serve 上菜 ;

  menu 菜单;bill 账单

  【pay the bill 付账】

  tip 小费;change 零钱

  【Keep the change! 不用找零钱了! 】

  treat 请客

  【This is my treat!、 It’s on me!我请客! 】

  【go Dutch ;Let’s go fifty fifty. AA制】

  【Help yourself. 请随便吃】

  knife刀;fork叉;chopsticks筷子;

  spoon勺子;plate碟子;tray 托盘;

  appetizer 开胃菜;dessert甜品,水果;

  soup 汤 ;steak 牛排;cheese奶酪 ;

  sandwich 三明治;hamburger 汉堡包;

  French fries 炸薯条;pizza 披萨;

  bacon 培根 ; chicken鸡肉;

  beef牛肉;pork猪肉

  drink 喝,饮料;wine 红酒;

  coke 可口可乐;

  coffee咖啡;dressing 调味酱;

  pepper胡椒;ketchup 番茄酱;

  delicious、yummy 可口的;rare半熟的

  (2)邮局场景:

  stamp邮票;envelope 信封;

  package / parcel 包裹;

  parcel form包裹单;zip code邮编;

  weight重量;overweight 超重;

  postage邮费;extra postage 额外邮资;insurance保险;

  send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信;

  delivery投递,传送;claim领取;

  express mail 快件;EMS特快专递;

  airmail 航空信件; surface mail 平邮;

  ordinary letter平信;

  registered letter挂号信。

  (3)图书馆场景:

  library card借书证;

  borrow借入;lend借出;

  keep持有,保管,存放;renew续借;return归还;

  overdue 借书逾期;pay a fine 交罚款;

  librarian 图书管理员;bookshelf书架;

  novel小说;science fiction科幻小说;

  magazine杂志; periodical期刊;reference book参考书;

  (4)校园场景:

  tuition学费; scholarship奖学金;

  term/semester 学期;seminar研讨班;

  presentation 课堂发言;

  assignment/homework作业;register 注册;

  be absent 缺席;final exam 期末考试;

  review/ go over复习; fail/pass不及格/通过;

  cut a class逃课; graduate毕业; stationery文具;

  essay论文;paper试卷;

  attend a lecture 听讲座 textbook 课本;

  classroom 教师;laboratory实验室;

  mark/grade 成绩;course 课程;

  subject 学科;playground 操场

  (5)医院及健康场景:

  doctor医生;dentist牙医;physician内科医生;

  surgeon外科医生;nurse护士;

  hospital医院;clinic 诊所;

  Health Center医疗中心;

  emergency room/ department 急诊室;

  emergent treatment急救处理;

  first aid 急救;treatment治疗手段;

  check up 检查;physical examination体检;

  take one’s temperature / blood pressure

  测量体温/血压;

  show one’s tongue伸出舌头;

  write a prescription开处方;

  give an injection打针;

  visiting hours 探视时间

  medicine药;pills / tablets药丸/药片;

  aspirin 阿司匹林; suffer from受…苦;

  pain疼痛;headache头痛;stomachache肚子痛;

  backache背痛;sore-throat喉咙痛;

  cough咳嗽;fever发烧;cold / flu 感冒/流感

  【have/catch a cold患感冒】;

  heart attack 心脏病;dizzy眩晕的;

  ——What’s up? / How is it going? / How are you?

  ——I’m fine. / I feel good/ terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me. 好。

  I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. 不好。

  (注意听语气:身体好的时候,语调上扬,语气非常欢快; 身体不好的时候,降调,语气非常郁闷。)

  (6)电话场景:

  operator 接线员

  【Extension six two two six, please.请转6226。The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 电话占线。】

  long distance call 长途电话;

  collect call 对方付费电话;put through 接通电话;

  leave a message留口信;

  dial the wrong number拨错号码;

  call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb.;

  give sb. a call/ ring给某人打电话;

  ——Hello! This is …speaking. 您好,我是…。

  ——Who’s speaking?/Who is that? 您是谁?

  Hold on /Hold the line, please. 请稍等,别挂断。

  I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again.我一会儿再打。

  I couldn’t get through.打不通;

  Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.对不起,您拨错号啦。

  (7)酒店场景:

  make a reservation 预定房间;

  reception desk 接待处;

  reception服务台;receptionist 服务员;

  accommodation住宿; registration登记;

  check in 入住;check out 结帐;

  Identity/ID card 身份证;fill out a form填表;

  single room 单间;double room双人间;

  suite套间;room number房间号;

  room key房间钥匙;room service客房服务;

  wake-up call叫醒电话

  Do you have a reservation Sir?先生,您预订了吗?

  Have you got any vacant room? (= Is there any room available here?) 有空房间吗?

  All the room are occupied. 房间已满。

  Can I have a suite please?有套间吗?

  How much do you charge for that? 如何收费?

  Smoking or no smoking? 吸烟或不吸烟?

  Meals included. 包括饮食。

  Can I show you your room? 我可以带你去你的房间?

  Can I carry your luggage?我可以帮你提行李吗?

  (8)交通场景:

  plane飞机;ship轮船;bus 公交车;

  coach长途客车;train火车;

  subway/underground 地铁;

  railway 铁路;highway 公路;

  sidewalk/pavement人行道;

  one-way street 单行道;

  rush hour交通高峰期; crowded拥挤的;

  heavy traffic拥挤的交通; traffic jam交通阻塞;

  traffic rules交通规则; traffic lights交通灯;

  driving license驾照; driver司机;

  garage修车厂、车库;

  car accident/crash车祸;speed超速;r

  un the red light闯红灯; flat tire爆胎;

  scratches刮蹭;fix/repair修理;survive幸存

  by plane/air乘飞机; by sea/land水路、陆路;

  by subway/underground 乘地铁;

  transfer换乘、转机

  May I see your license, please?

  我可以看看你的驾照,好吗?

  You will be fined by $20.

  你将处以20元的罚款。

  (9)机场场景:

  airline航空公司;airway 航线;flight 航班;

  book/serve预定; behind schedule 晚点;

  cancel取消;customs海关; security check安检;

  passport护照;visa签证;

  departure lounge 候机室;

  departure gate登机口;check in 办理登机手续;

  on board登机;boarding pass/card 登机牌;

  luggage/baggage行李; suitcase行李箱;

  take off 起飞;land降落; safe landing安全着陆

  bound for…飞往…方向去的;

  departure to 前往;destination目的地;

  departure time起飞时间;

  see sb. off为某人送行; pick up接机

  【在飞机上】

  a window seat靠窗的座位;

  an aisle seat靠走道的座位; captain机长;

  pilot飞行员;airhostess/stewardess空姐;

  fasten the safety/safe belt系紧安全带;

  airsick晕机; jet lag飞机时差反应;

  (10)在火车站(At the railway station):

  booking/ticket office售票处;

  conductor售票员; train 火车;

  express train特快列车; carriage车厢;

  dining car餐车;waiting room 候车室;

  platform 站台,月台;

  one way trip/ticket 单程/单程票;

  round trip/ticket往返/往返票;

  a hard seat 硬座;a soft seat软座

  (11)购物场景:

  store 商店;grocery食品店;

  department store 百货商场;

  shopping center/mall 购物中心;

  shop assistant店员;counter 柜台;

  receipt 收据;deliver 送货; refund 退款;

  bargain便宜货;out of stock 脱销/缺货;

  in stock 有货;selling season 销售旺季;

  on sale打折; 50% off 打五折;

  a 30% discount打七折;

  catalogue 产品目录;

  Commodity information商品信息;

  brand 品牌; size尺码;color颜色;

  style样式;price价格;

  【What color/size/kind do you want?您需要什么样的颜色/多大尺寸/哪种?】

  second-hand 二手的;popular / fashionable 流行的;

  in fashion 流行,时尚;

  out of fashion 过时的;

  商品论贵贱expensive, cheap;

  价格论高低high, low;

  pay in cash 用现金支付;

  pay in check 用支票支付;

  credit card 信用卡;

  pay by installment 分期付款;

  【在服装店(In a clothing store/shop)】

  trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服;skirt裙子;

  shirt衬衫;jacket夹克;coat上衣;

  a bigger size 稍大一点尺寸;

  what size 多大尺寸;

  this style这种式样;

  fit you合你身;try on试穿;match 相配

  (12)天气场景:

  fine 晴朗的;sunny/bright/clear 阳光明媚的;

  overcast 多云;cloudy 阴;humid 湿润的;

  wet 潮湿的; rainy有雨的; clear up 天空放晴;

  freezing-cold 冰冷的;hot炎热的;cool凉爽的;

  warm暖和的;mild温和的;windy有风的;

  calm无风的;breeze微风; moderate 风力不大;

  strong/ high winds 大风;tornado 龙卷风;

  typhoon 台风;fog雾;snow雪;

  drizzle毛毛细雨;light rain小雨;

  shower 阵雨;storm 暴风雨;

  downpour倾盆大雨;

  【It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下着倾盆大雨】

  thunder 打雷; blizzard大风雪;

  snowstorm暴风雪;

  【weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天气;weather in California 意指好天气】

  经常和天气相联系的情况:

  vacation(假期) 和 flight(航班)

  (be delayed延误/cancelled取消by the bad weather)。

  put away clothes 下雨收衣服;

  (13)银行场景:

  business hour 营业时间;deposit存款;

  withdraw 取款;open an account 开户;

  savings account 储蓄账户;

  check account 支票账户;

  interest rate 利率;cash a check兑现支票

  (14)常见的身份与职业:

  part-time job 兼职工作; full-time job 全职工作

  psychologist心理学家;principal校长;

  professor 教授;postman 邮递员;

  driver司机;policeman 警察;

  firefighter 消防员;assistant 助手/助教;

  receptionist接待员;typist 打字员;

  cashier收纳;waiter 服务员;

  passenger 乘客;ticket seller 售票员;

  conductor 售票员,列车长;

  salesman销售员;nurse 护士;

  housewife 家庭主妇;lawyer律师;

  engineer 工程师;architect建筑师;

  chef厨师;guide 导游;

  reporter/journalist 记者;editor 编辑;

  author作家;pianist钢琴家;

  musician音乐家;singer歌手;

  photographer 摄影师;artist艺术家;

  designer设计师;scientist科学家;

  barber理发师;butcher屠夫;tailor裁缝

  (15)人物关系relationship:

  strangers陌生人;neighbors邻居;

  classmates同学;colleagues/co-workers同事;

  friends朋友; husband and wife 夫妻;

  guest and receptionist客人与接待员;

  doctor and patient医生与病人;

  teacher and student师生;

  boss and secretary老板和秘书;

  policeman and driver警察与司机;

  interviewer and interviewee面试官与面试者;

  employer and employee 雇主与员工;

  shop assistant/waiter and customer营业员与顾客;

  parent and child 父母与子女

  (14)工作:

  job opportunity 工作机会;interview面试;

  resume简历;educational background教育背景;

  application letter 求职信;recommendation 推荐信;

  certificate 助手;qualification资历;

  experience 经验;position 职位;salary 薪水;

  allowance津贴;promotion晋升;vacation休假;

  break 短暂休息;retire 退休;work overtime加班;

  shift work 倒班工作;ask for leave 请假;

  sick leave 病假;have a week off 休一周假;

  clerk职员;secretary秘书;manager经理;

  HR manager人事经理;general manager总经理;

  client客户

  (15)兴趣爱好:

  hobby 兴趣; entertainment 娱乐;

  go to the cinema/movies/theatre 去看电影;

  comedy喜剧;tragedy悲剧;

  action movie 动作片;cartoon 动画片;

  documentary 纪录片;thriller 惊悚片;

  horror film恐怖片;detective movie侦探片;

  western film西部片;soap opera 肥皂剧

  hiking 徒步旅行;camping野营;

  diving潜水;surfing冲浪;skiing滑雪;

  seashore 海岸;beach海滩;

  sun-burnt 晒黑的;palace宫殿;castle城堡

  (16)运动:

  competition 竞赛;sports field运动场;

  club俱乐部;sportsman/athlete/player运动员;

  coach教练;champion冠军;

  gold/silver/bronze medal金/银/铜牌;

  basketball篮球;football美式足球;

  soccer英式足球;volleyball排球;

  baseball棒球;tennis网球;

  table tennis乒乓球;golf高尔夫;

  jogging慢跑;swimming游泳;

  wrestling摔跤;shooting射击;

  boxing拳击;weightlifting举重;

  relay race接力赛;

  break the world record 打破世界纪录

  (17)观光旅游:

  vacation/holiday 假日;

  historical spots/relics 古迹;scenery 风景;

  museum博物馆;mountain山脉;river河流;

  lake 湖泊;waterfall瀑布;beach 沙滩;

  island 岛屿;lawn 草地;temple寺庙;

  zoo动物园;travel/trip/tour/voyage

  旅行;travel agency 旅行社;

  a guided tour 有导游的旅行;

  go sightseeing观光; hotel 宾馆;

  souvenir 纪念品;ticket 票

  景点评论:

  fascinating/breathtaking 激动人心的;

  thrilling 刺激的;refreshing清爽的;

  unforgettable难忘的;

  terrific/ fantastic极好的;

  (18)租房:

  landlord 房东;landlady女房东;

  rent租/租金;deposit押金;contract合同;

  furnished 有家具电器的;furniture 家具;

  heat暖气;gas煤气;electricity 电;

  lift 电梯;stairs 楼梯;balcony阳台;

  living room起居室;guest room客厅;

  dinning room 餐厅;kitchen 厨房;

  bathroom 浴室;toilet 卫生间;

  basement 地下室

  (19)日常生活:

  housework 家务;channel频道;

  cook烹饪;dining table饭桌;fridge冰箱;

  television电视;oven烤箱;cabinet 橱柜;

  dishwasher洗碗机;sheet床单;

  blanket毯子;carpet地毯;curtain窗帘;

  towel毛巾;shampoo洗发水;

  soap肥皂;haircut理发;shaver剃须刀

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