高中生如何学习英语
一会儿想学英语,一会儿想学日语,这样朝三暮四,很可能一门都学不好。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高中学习英语的方法,供大家参阅!
高中学习英语的方法:学习效率
These three simple ideas will help you be more organized, save you time and help you get smarter and richer because you'll have more time to study.
这里有几个简单可行的主意让你的生活更有规划,帮你节省时间,让你变得更聪明、更富有,因为你会有更多的时间来学习。
1. Make Lists
1. 制定计划
Lists are great for just about everything: groceries, errands, homework assignments. Free up some brain space by putting everything you need to get done on a list. Better yet, buy a small notebook and keep a running, dated list. Everything you need to remember goes in the book. When we try to remember everything with brainpower alone, especially the older we get, the less gray matter we seem to have left for the really important things, like studying.
计划对任何事情都很有用:去杂货店、办事情、做作业。大脑中腾出一块儿,列一张表写上自己要完成的事。买一个笔记本,按日期写计划,就更好了。每件你要记住的事都在笔记本里。当我们试着仅凭脑力记住所有事,随着年龄增长,脑内的灰质递减,记住的正经事就越少,比如学习。
If you are a smartphone fan (who isn't?!), you'll find lots of apps to help you stay organized. Find one that fits your style and works the way you prefer to work. Then be sure to use it!
如果你是手机的死忠(谁不是呢?!),你会找到很多帮助你规划自己的应用。找一个适合自己的,以自己喜欢的方式运用这个应用。要确保你能够遵照这个应用的要求。
Make lists, keep them with you, whether on paper or in your phone or on your tablet, and revel in the satisfaction of crossing items off when you’ve completed them. There's extra satisfaction in adding something to your list that you've just completed so you can cross it off!
制定计划,无论计划在纸上、手机里、便签本上,把计划带在身边,沉浸在做完一项要求就划掉一项的快感中。还有一种附加的快感是添上一项你刚完成的任务,然后划掉它!
2. Run Errands Counter-Clockwise
2. 逆向思维完成任务
What? You'll see. Now that you have a list of errands to run, organize them in a way that saves the most time. Assuming you’re driving, making right turns eliminates a lot of wasted time waiting for red lights.
什么意思?往下看你就明白。现在你有一张任务清单要完成,用最省时的方式调整顺序。比如你正在开车,向右转可以避免很多灯红灯的时间。
It also saves time because you’re not waiting to turn left through busy traffic lanes. Right turns in, right turns out, counter-clockwise. Fast and easy. You will cut many minutes off your errands. Promise.
这还省去了向左转进拥挤交通的时间。向右转进车道,再一直向右转直至回到原路,用逆向思维解决问题,简单又快捷。我向你保证你可以省去很多时间。
3. Think of Your Minutes as Money
3. 视时间为金钱
Assign a monetary value to your time, and watch how much less of it you're willing to waste on unimportant stuff. You can do this using your current income or make up a completely imaginary number. Either way works.
把时间视为金钱,看看你愿意在无关紧要的事情上花多少钱。你可以按照你现用的工资水平进行换算,或者任意想一个数字。两种方法都适用。
When you’re not sure if an activity is worthwhile, calculate how much it’ll cost you to do it. Watching TV suddenly becomes very expensive, money that could take you closer to graduation and your dream job. The choice is yours. Change the way you manage your time and you'll have more of it to spend in ways that make your future brighter.
如果你不确定这项活动是否值得,算一算这项活动的成本几何。看电视突然变得很昂贵,金钱可以让你离毕业以及梦想的工作更近。选择权在你手中。改变你利用时间的方式你就会拥有更多的花在让你的未来更美好的时间。
高中学习英语的方法:美国人的思维
语言的交流与掌握大量的词汇、句型、语法是两回事。就语言本身的知识来说,我们已经过关了。我们缺少的就是在交流中来运用英语,只有在交流中我们才能与对方进行思维密码的相互破译。同样的话在不同的语言交流环境中所表达的意思是不一样的。
建议要把学习的目标收缩,把追求大而广的英语知识转化为追求一种定量性的技巧。有6种技巧,是美国人和美国人之间交流的关键性东西,也是看电影、学英语中重要的六步。如果我们能掌握这6种技巧,就可以更好地理解美国人的思维,从而学好口语。
第一,如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧。
美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。我们的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深,但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说Whereisthebook(这本书在哪儿)?很少有人说What is a book(书是什么)?而美国的小学生就开始问:What is the book?这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。
第二,如果已经学会界定,但理解还有偏差,那就要训练 How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解释同一事物)。
一种表达式对方不懂,美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个,但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习,但这种替换不是真替换,只是语言层面的替换,而不是思维层面的替换。比如,I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her,my mother等,这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战,没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变,我听不懂I love you,肯定也听不懂I loveher。如果替换为I want to kiss you,I want to hug you,I will show my heart to you等,或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》,告诉对方那就是爱,这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思,或者一个表达式对方听不清楚,举一个简单易懂的例子来表达,直到对方明白。
第三,我们必须学会美国人怎样描述东西。
从描述上来讲,由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外,由里及表。而中国人正好相反。从时间上来说,中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时,往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来,然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件,美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。
第四,要学会使用重要的美国习语。
不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是“习语”。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了,外国人很难理解,这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时,能适当地运用美国习语,他马上就会觉得很亲切,也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语?就是每个单词你都认识,但把它们组合在一起,你就不知道是什么意思了。
第五,学会两种语言的传译能力。
这是衡量口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语,我们天生就有自己的母语。很多人都认为学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语,这是不对的。
第六,要有猜测能力。
为什么美国人和美国人、中国人和中国人之间交流很少产生歧义?就是因为他们之间能“猜测”。我们的教学不提倡“猜测”。但我觉得猜测对学好美国口语很重要。在交流中,有一个词你没有听懂,你不可能马上去查字典,这时候就需要猜测来架起一座桥梁来弥补这个缺口,否则交流就会中断。
再说说英语语音的问题。我们中国人不需要钻牛角尖,一定追求发音像一个本地人,只要我们的发音不至于让对方产生误解就可以了。我们在平时,不需要迷信什么科学方法,只需要记住一点:模仿。但一定要模仿标准的英语或美语。在模仿的基础上,每天保持1个小时的自我口语练习,这个练习必须假想一个双向交流的场合,即仿佛有人与你交流一样。
最后,讲讲英语的用气问题。我们在发音时,尽量气运丹田,而避免用肺发音,这可以使英语发音洪亮圆润。
高中学习英语的方法:事半功倍
“Be sure to study hard for that test!”
“要为考试努力学习!”
How many times have you heard that? But what does it even mean to study hard? Do you have to study until your head hurts? It sounds like it!
听过这句话无数次了?但是到底什么才是努力学习?要学到头疼?听起来是的!
The whole idea of studying harder suggests that you really don’t try very hard as a normal practice, and that is probably not true. So instead of studying harder for better results, you can study smarter, and there is good news: it won’t give you a headache.
努力学习意味着你平常并不把努力当做一回事儿,但事实可能并非如此。因此,除了为得到高分而努力学习,你可以聪明地学,好消息是:聪明地学可不会头疼。
How to Study Smarter
怎样聪明地学
There are a few adjustments you can make to your normal study routine to make the most of your time and effort. These adjustments are based on a few scientific discoveries about learning.
在你日常的学习规划中做出适当调整可以充分利用时间和努力。这些调整基于有关学习的科学调查。
We learn over time with repetition.
我们学习时要复习。
We learn from active experience.
我们要在积极体验中学。
We learn through comparison.
我们要通过对比来学习。
We learn by testing ourselves.
我们要通过测试来学习。
Time and Repetition
学习时间和复习
Some studies on brain science have shown that the practice of revisiting information enhances learning. In other words, it is a good idea to study material more than one time, over a period of days.
有关脑部的研究表明复习有助于强化所学内容。换言之,学习最好不止一遍,要隔几天复习一次。
To study smarter, then, you should start your study session a few days ahead of time and study a few hours, walk away from the material, and study the same material again a few days later.
要聪明地学,就要在计划前几天开始学习,学几个小时,放下学习材料,几天后再看一次。
Learn Through Experience
通过体验学习
There are indications that our brains love to make associations or “connections” when we read or observe something new. It seems that the more we enhance the experience as we read, the more we may retain.
研究表明大脑在我们阅读或观察新事物时喜欢建立联系。这表明,阅读时我们强化的体验越多,我们能记下的就越多。
As you study, you should incorporate active study strategies like drawing images, writing outlines, and repeating what you’ve learned from memory.
学习时,你应该运用积极的学习策略,如画画、写大纲、回忆所学的内容。
(FYI: highlighting is not an active study strategy!)
(仅供参考:用记号笔可不是积极的学习策略!)
It is also a good idea to study in a variety of places and environments to stimulate more associations. For example, you could study once in a quiet library and again in a very different environment, like a park or your own room.
在不同的环境中学习也是一个创造更多联系的好建议。例如,你可以在安静的图书馆中学一次,然后在一个完全不同的环境中复习,比如在公园或者是自己的卧室。
Comparing As We Study
通过对比来学习
We understand new things by comparing them to things we already know.
我们理解新事物时通过与我们熟知的事物进行对比。
To demonstrate this, try to describe a lime to someone who has never encountered one. Your depiction might go something like this:
要解释这一点,类似于试着向一个从没见过青柠的人描述青柠。你的描述可能像这样:
“It’s like a lemon, but it’s green. It tastes and smells like a mix between a lemon and a tomato vine.”
“它像柠檬,但是是绿色的。尝起来、闻起来像柠檬与番茄混合的味道。”
That person would most likely be able to identify a lime easily, because he or she will be able to consult stored knowledge to conjure new information.
对方很可能可以轻易勾画出青柠的形象,因为他(她)可以调用自己的知识储备形成新信息。
Any time you study new material, your brain consults stored knowledge to make sense of the new things you’re encountering. For example, if you live in the United States and you are required to learn about communism, you will most likely learn by comparing that system to a system you already know, like capitalism.
每次你学习新材料,大脑就会调用已有的知识储备来理解你碰上的新事物。比如,你住在美国,被要求学共产主义,你会把这个系统和你已知的系统,如资本主义作对比。
When you study terms to prepare for a test, you should always select two terms at the same time and describe the differences between them.
当你为了考试而学习术语,你应该选同时选两个术语,并描述这二者的区别。
Learning By Testing
通过测试来学习
Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error. When it comes to studying effectively, it turns out that testing is one of the best ways to prepare for testing!
最近的研究表明学习通过尝试与犯错来以巩固。要高效地学习,自我检测是备考的最佳途径!
There is good evidence that the very best way for you to learn is to take a series of practice tests. This means that the process of trying to answer questions, getting questions wrong, discovering why you were wrong, and correcting yourself—is the smartest study strategy of all.
一个有力的证明表示学习的最佳方法就是多次测验。这是一个试着答题、回答错误、分析错误、改正自我的过程,这是所有学习策略中最有效的。
Of course, if you want to do this right, you should have someone else prepare a few practice tests for you. This can be easy: just find a partner (or a group) and write questions for each other.
当然,如果你要正确地利用这个策略,还需要别人给你出题。这很简单:只要找一个学伴儿(或是学习小组),几个人互相出题。
In summary, the science says this: if you want to study harder and smarter, you should start early, find a study partner, get active, and test yourself.
总之,最科学的方法就是:如果你要事半功倍地学习,就要早开始,找同伴,积极行动,检测自我。
以上是学习啦小编整理所得,欢迎大家阅读和收藏。