介词的用法总结归纳与辨析(3)
介词From的用法
介词 prep.
1.(表示时间)从…, 自…
We've been working from morning to night.我们从早到晚一直工作。
2.(表示状态)从某(位置、状态等)开(kāi)始(shǐ)
He rose from office boy to managing director in ten years.他在十年间由办公室勤杂员升至总经理。
3.(表示范围)从较低限度算起
The jackets are from 35 dollars.这些夹克衫起价是35美元。
4.(表示来源)来自…; 源于…; 从…里取出
I come from the north.我是北方人。
He took a shaving mirror from his bag.他从手提包里拿出一面剃须镜。
5.(表示分离)与…分离[隔开]; 减去; 扣除
The wind blew his hat from his head.风将他的帽子从头上吹走了。
Six from fifteen leaves nine.15减6等于9。
6.(表示否定)免于; 免遭
Wild fruit kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野果才没被饿死。
7.(表示方位)从…; 以…为开始方向
Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west.纬线是从东到西的线。
8.(表示原因)因为, 出于
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
9.(表示比较)与…相比; 与…区分
She is different from her sister in character.她和她姐姐性格不同。
He can tell a fake from the original.他能分辨出赝品和真品。
介词With的用法
介词 prep.
1.(表示关系)和…在一起
Would you like to go to the street with me?你愿和我一起上街吗?
2.(表示状态)具有, 带有
Many exhibits with characteristics of the Chinese art are on display.许多具有中国艺术特色的展品陈列出来。
3.(表示方式)用, 以, 藉
The room is cooled with air conditioner.这房间用空调降温。
4.(表示对象)对…, 关于
She was always good with the unfortunate.她对不幸的人总是很友好。
5.(表示伴随)与此同时, 随着
I always rise with the bell.我总是听到铃声就起床。
6.(表示让步)虽然, 尽管
With all his abilities, he failed completely.尽管很能干, 他还是一败涂地了。
7.(表示原因)由于, 因为
She flushed with delight.她高兴得脸上通红。
8.(表示态度)支持, 赞同
Is he with us or against us?他赞成我们还是反对我们?
9.(表示态度)跟(…对抗)
We are struggling with backwardness.我们在和落后现象做斗争。
10.与…对立;反对
11.包括;还有
12.与…方向一致;顺着
13.由…持有;由…负责
14.为…工作;受雇于;利用…的服务
15.虽然;尽管
16.在…旁边;在…附近;在…身边
17.在…之中;进入…之中
18.关于;就…而言
19.比较而言;与…相比较
20.同样;完全一样
21.同意的;和谐的
22.支持;站在…一边
介词By的用法
介词 prep.
1.(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边; 靠近
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
2.(表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候
Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。
She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。
3.(表示方向)从…中经过
They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。
4.(表示方式)搭乘, 通过; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
By temperament he was an artist.从气质上看, 他是一位画家。
They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
By God he's done it!老天为证, 他确实做了此事。
I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。
5.(表示原因)随…而来, 由于(置于不带 the 的名词前，表示原因)
The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校长的准许, 会议将在学校大厅举行。
6.(表示方位)偏于
The steamer will go west by north.这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
7.(表示环境)借着…光亮
They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。
8.(表示关涉)经过
I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
9.(表示程度, 数量)以…之差
We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。
10.(常置于表被动的动词后，表示使为者)
11.在…期间;处于某种状况
12.从…看;依;按照
13.(与 the 连用，表示时间或量度单位)
14.(表示速率)
15.(补充有关出生地、职业等的信息)
16.(起誓时用)以…的名义
17.(表示触及或抓住的人或物的部份)
18.(用于乘除运算)
19.(表示尺寸时用)
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