12个月的英文翻译
12个月份的英文怎么写,它们的用法有?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的12个月的英文翻译,供大家参阅!
12个月的英文翻译
一月 Jan.January
二月 Feb.February
三月 Mar.March
四月 Apr.April
五月 May.May
六月 June.June
七月 July.July
八月 Aug.Aguest
九月 Sept.September
十月 Oct.October
十一月 Nov.November
十二月 Dec.December
英语中12个月名称的由来
January——1月:在罗马传说中,有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神,生有先后两副脸,一副回顾过去,一副要眺望未来。人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名,很有意义。英语January,便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。
February——2月:每年2月初,罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆菲勃卢姆节。这一天,人们常用一种牛草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子,抽打不育的妇女,以求怀孕生子。这一天,人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人。英语2月February,便是由拉丁文Februar-ius(即菲勃卢姆节)演变而来。
March——3月:3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 月,新年的开始。凯撒大帝改革历法后,原来的1月变成3月,但罗马人仍然把3 月看做是一年的开始。另外,按照传统习惯,3月是每年出征远战的季节。为了纪念战神玛尔斯,人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。英语3月March,便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。
April——4月:罗马的4月,正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。英文4月April便由拉丁文April(即开花的日子)演变而来。
May——5月:罗马神话中的女神玛雅,专门司管春天和生命。为了纪念这位女神,罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月,英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。
June——6月:罗马神话中的裘诺,是众神之王,又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。古罗马对她十分崇敬,便把6月奉献给她,以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6 月。英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。也有学者认为,Junius可能是个代拉丁家族中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。
July——7月:罗马统治者朱里斯·凯撒大帝被刺死后,着名的罗马将军马克·安东尼建议将凯撒大帝诞生的7月,用凯撒的名字――拉丁文Julius(即朱里斯)命名之。这一建议得到了元老院的通过。英语7月July由此演变而来。
August——8月:朱里斯·凯撒死后,由他的甥孙屋大维续任罗马皇帝。为了和凯撒齐名,他也想用自己的名字来命名一个月份。他的生日在9月,但他选定8月。因为他登基后,罗马元老院在8 月授予他Augustus(奥古斯都)的尊号。于是,他决定用这个尊号来命名8月。原来8月比7月少一天,为了和凯撒平起平坐,他又决定从2月中抽出一天加在8月上。从此,2月便少了一天。英语8月August便由这位皇帝的拉丁语尊号演变而来。
September——9月:老历法的7月,正是凯撒大帝改革历法后的9月,拉丁文Septem是“7”月的意思。虽然历法改革了,但人们仍袭用旧名称来称呼9月。英语9月September,便由此演变而来。
October——10月:英语10月,来自拉丁文Octo,即“8”的意思。它和上面讲的9月一样,历法改了,称呼仍然沿用未变。
November——11月:罗马皇帝奥古斯都和凯撒都有了自己名字命名的月份,罗马市民和元老院要求当时的罗马皇帝梯比里乌斯用其名命名11月。但梯比里乌斯没有同意,他明智地对大家说,如果罗马每个皇帝都用自己的名字来命名月份,那么出现了第13个皇帝怎么办?于是,11月仍然保留着旧称Novem,即拉丁文“9”的意思。英语11月November便由此演变而来。
December——12月:罗马皇帝琉西乌斯要把一年中最后一个月用他情妇的Amagonius的名字来命名,但遭但元老院的反对。于是,12月仍然沿用旧名Decem,即拉丁文“10”的意思。英语12月December,便由此演变而来。
英文中12个月的名称背后都有怎样的故事
1、January 一月
January is named after the Roman god Janus, who presided over doors and beginnings – appropriately enough, for the beginning of the year (though this is, as you will discover, not as straightforward as it seems). Indeed, Janus was usually depicted with two faces looking backwards and forwards, as is often characteristic of a new year; this also gave rise to the term Janus word for words that have two opposite meanings.
January是以罗马神话中双面神杰纳斯(Janus)的名字命名的。他负责司守门户以及万物的始末——作为一年的开始,他很适合(尽管你会发现,其实并没有那么直观)。事实上,杰纳斯通常以双面孔示人,一面回顾过去,一面注视未来,而这经常被视为新的一年的特征;这也使得它的引申词组“Janus word”(双面词)表示兼有两种相反含义的词。
2、February 二月
February is ultimately based on Latin februarius, from februa. In case that’s not helped things become clearer, februa was the name of a purification feast held on the 15th of this month. February is a divisive issue in modern pronunciation, with both Feb-yoo-ary and Feb-roo-ary being commonly heard.
February由拉丁语“februa”的衍生词“februarius”演变而来。可能这样说并没有解释得很清楚,这里再补充一下:“februa”是这个月十五号举行的一场涤罪盛宴的名称。在现代英语中,人们对“February”的发音产生了分歧,最常听到的有两种,一种是“Feb-yoo-ary”,还有一种是“Feb-roo-ary”。
3、March 三月
Which god gets a planet and a month named after him? You’ve guessed it: Mars. Why him? As the Oxford English Dictionary notes, ‘In ancient Rome several festivals of Mars took place in March, presumably in preparation for the campaigning season, since Mars was a god of war.’
有哪位神的名字既是一个星球的名字,又是一个月份的名字呢?你们已经猜到了:马尔斯(Mars)。为什么是他?《牛津英语词典》上记载:“在古罗马时期,一些有关于马尔斯的节日都在三月举行,想必是为了战争时期做准备,因为马尔斯是一位战神。”
4、April 四月
We know that the English word April comes from the Latin Aprillis, the fourth month of the ancient Roman calendar, but things are less clear after that. In Old English, April was also sometimes called Eastermonab, ‘Easter month’.
我们知道英文词汇“April”来源于拉丁语“Aprillis”,是古罗马日历的第四个月,但除此之外,我们就不太清楚了。在古英语中,四月有时也被称为“Eastermonth”,即“复活月”。
5、May 五月
The month is connected with the goddess Maia. Perhaps less well known now than the other deities with months named after them, Maia (in Greek mythology) was daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes. She was considered a nurturer and an earth goddess, which may explain the connection with this springtime month. Although may is a common modal verb, the month and the word are unrelated.
这个月与玛雅女神(the goddess Maia)有关。与其他神相比,也许玛雅并没有那么为人们所熟知,在希腊神话中,她是阿特拉(Atlas)之女,同时也是赫尔墨斯(Hermes)之母。她被誉为养育者和大地女神,这或许可以解释为什么它是属于春季的月份。尽管“may”经常被用作情态动词,但它与五月并没有关系。
6、June 六月
Having conceded one month to a Greek deity, we’re now back with the Romans: June is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and goddess of marriage and childbirth. June was also once sometimes known as midsummer month.
前面已经有一个月是以希腊女神命名的了,现在我们再次回到罗马的神灵:六月是以古罗马女神朱诺(Juno)命名的。她是主神朱庇特(Jupiter)的妻子,是婚姻与分娩之神。六月也曾一度被认为是仲夏月。
7、July 七月
The first month in the calendar named after a real person, July was named in honour of Julius Caesar after his death in 44 BC, July being the month of his birth. Before it was renamed, the month was known as Quintilis (borrowed into English as Quintile), which means ‘fifth’. If you’ve been counting, you’ll know that July isn’t the fifth month: we’ll come on to that when we reach September and October.
July是日历中第一个以真实的人物命名的月份,七月的命名是为了纪念尤里乌斯?凯撒(Julius Caesar)。公元前44年,凯撒大帝去世,七月是他出生的月份。在更名之前,这个月叫做“Quintilis”(英语则为“Quintile”),意为“第五”。如果你数过了的话,你会发现七月并不是第五个月:这一点在说到九月和十月的时候我们会做出解释。
8、August 八月
Following suit, in 8 BC, the month Sextilis (‘sixth’) was renamed after Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who had died six years earlier. Augustus himself was given this title when he became emperor, having previously been known as Octavian. It came from the Latin augustus meaning ‘consecrated, venerable’ which gave rise to the English adjective august, ‘respected and impressive’.
同样地,在公元前8年,“Sextilis” (‘sixth’)这个月以古罗马第一位帝王奥古斯都(Augustus)来命名,他本人早于六年前去世。奥古斯都是他在成为帝王之时为自己改的名字,在这之前,他叫奥克塔维安(Octavian)。这个词来源于拉丁语“augustus”,意为“神圣的、值得尊敬的”,由此,august在做形容词时有“值得尊敬的”的意思。
9、September 九月
September follows on from Quinitlis and Sextilis, in that it comes from the Latin septem, ‘seven’. As with those (and the rest of the calendar), the numbering is a bit off now: September was originally the seventh month in an ancient Roman ten-month calendar, which started with March.
“September”排在“Quinitlis”和“Sextilis”之后,是因为它来源于拉丁语“septem”,在这里是指第七个月。到这里,这些月份(以及日历中其它月份)的排序方式就有点混乱了:在古罗马的十月制日历中,September是第七个月份,那个日历是从March开始的。
10、October 十月
More of the same: octo is the Latin for ‘eight’, for that ten month calendar. Two months were added to the end of the calendar year around 713 BC, and the beginning of the year was moved to 1 January in 153 BC.
同理,“octo”在拉丁语中是八的意思,因此在十月历中,它是指第八个月。在公元前713年左右,日历年的年底又加了两个月,公元前153年将一月一日作为一年的开始。
11、November 十一月
The pattern continues: November comes from novem, ‘nine’. November is also, we’re afraid, used ‘with allusion to November’s position at the end of the year, and to the characteristic greyness, gloominess, etc., associated with it in the northern hemisphere’. The earliest known example of this allusive use comes from Jane Austen’s posthumously published novel Persuasion.
还是相同的规律:“November”来源于拉丁语“novem”,即第九个月。我们认为“Novembe”同样也“暗指其处于年末,用以表示灰暗、阴郁等,与北半球相关”。这种暗指性的用法最早见于简-奥斯汀(Jane Austen)去世后出版的《劝导》(Persuasion)一书中。
12、December 十二月
And we finish off the year with December, from decem, ‘ten’. The month also comes with a brace of adjectives: Decemberish and Decemberly, the latter of which can also be used as an adverb. And there you have it: a whole calendar year of etymologies to see you through the whole of 2016.
我们以“December”作为一年的终结,它来源于“decem”,这里指第十个月。这个词还有两个形容词形式:“Decemberish”和“Decemberly”,后者还可用作副词。以上就是可以伴你度过2016年的所有月份典故来源了。
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