英语演讲摘抄:这个充满职业恐慌的时代
1、势利鬼让我们在乎地位和物质
势利是什么?
势利是以一小部分的你,来判别你的全部价值,那就是势利。
What is a snob? A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you, and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are. That is snobbery.
今日最主要的势利就是对职业的势利,你在派对中不用一分钟就能体会到。当你被问到这个21世纪初最有代表性的问题:你是做什么的?你的答案将会决定对方接下来的反应,对方可能对你在场感到荣幸,或是开始看表然后想个借口离开。
职业会影响别人对你的态度
势利鬼的反面是母亲。
不一定是你我的母亲,而是一个理想的母亲。想象一个永远义无反顾的爱你,不在乎你是否功成名就的人——不幸地,大部分世人都不怀有这种母爱,世人所愿意给我们的关爱、尊重取决于我们的社会地位。
Unfortunately, most people are not our mothers. Most people make a strict correlation between how much time, and if you like, love -- not romantic love, though that may be something -- but love in general, respect -- they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined by our position in the social hierarchy.
这就是为什么我们如此在乎事业和成就,以及看重金钱和物质。
我们时常被告知生活在一个物质挂帅的年代,我们都是贪婪的人,我并不认为我们特别看重物质,而是活在一个物质能带来大量情感反馈的时代。
I don't think we are particularly materialistic. I think we live in a society which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards to the acquisition of material goods. It's not the material goods we want.
我们想要的不是物质,而是背后的情感反馈。这赋予奢侈品一个崭新的意义。下次你看到那些开着法拉利跑车的人,你不要想“这个人很贪婪”,而是“这是一个无比脆弱、急需爱的人”,也就是说,同情他们,不要鄙视他们。
2、生而平等的精神带来嫉妒
还有一些其他的理由,使得我们更难获得平静。
这个世界用许多方法告诉我们,我们无所不能、我们不再受限于阶级,而是只要靠着努力就能攀上我们想到的高度。这是个美丽的理想。
We're told, from many sources, that anyone can achieve anything. We've done away with the caste system,we are now in a system where anyone can rise to any position they please. And it's a beautiful idea.
但造成了一个严重的问题,那就是嫉妒。
我们很少有人会嫉妒英国女皇,虽然她比我们都更加富有、住在一个巨大的房子里,但我们不会嫉妒她,她太特别了。我们无法想象自己与她扯上关系,当你认为你与这个人毫无关联时,你便不会嫉妒。
When you can't relate to somebody, you don't envy them.
同学聚会容易让人陷入嫉妒的苦海
越是两个年龄、背景相近的人越容易陷入嫉妒的苦海,所以千万避免去参加同学会。因为没有比同学更强烈的参照点了。
今日社会的问题是,它把全世界变成了一个学校,每个人都穿着牛仔裤,每个人都一样但事实上并非如此。当生而平等的概念遇上现实中悬殊的不平等,巨大的压力就出现了。
So there's a spirit of equality combined with deep inequality, which can make for a very stressful situation.
3、崇尚“功绩主义”使失败更残忍
无论是左倾还是右倾的政治人物,都同意“功绩主义”是个好事,尽力让我们的社会崇尚“功绩主义”。
一个崇尚功绩主义的社会,相信如果你有才能、精力和技术,你就会飞黄腾达,这是个美好的想法。
A meritocratic society is one in which, if you've got talent and energy and skill, you will get to the top, nothing should hold you back. It's a beautiful idea.
问题是,如果你打从心里相信那些在社会顶层的人都是精英,同时你也暗示着,以一种残忍的方法相信,那些在社会底层的人天生就该在社会底层。
The problem is, if you really believe in a society where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top, you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way, believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom also get to the bottom and stay there.
换句话说,你在社会的地位不是偶然,而都是你配得的。这种想法让失败变得更残忍。
如果你做的很好,这是件令人愉快的事。相反的情况,就很令人沮丧。社会学家分析发现这提高了自杀率,追求个人主义的发达国家的自杀率,高过于世界上其它地方。
原因是人们把发生在自己身上的事情,全当作自己的责任。人们拥有成功,也拥有失败。
And some of the reason for that is that people take what happens to them extremely personally -- they own their success, but they also own their failure.
4、如何解决现代社会的这些焦虑
我同样相信功绩主义,但我认为一个完全彻底以能力取决地位的社会,是个不可能的梦想。
每个人的能力都忠实地被分级,好的就到顶端,坏的就到底部,而且保证过程毫无差错,这是不可能的。这世上有太多偶然的契机、不同的机运,出身、疾病、从天而降的意外等等,我们却无法将这些因素分级,无法完全忠实的将人分级。
There are simply too many random factors: accidents, accidents of birth, accidents of things dropping on people's heads, illnesses, etc. We will never get to grade them, never get to grade people as they should.
失败有时受人生际遇的影响
我很喜欢圣奥古斯丁的一句话,“以社会地位评价人是一种罪。”用现在的口吻说,看一个人的名片来决定你是否要和他交谈是罪。
换句话说,最好在你开口评论他人之前悬崖勒马,你很有可能不知道他人的真正价值。
Hold your horses when you're coming to judge people. You don't necessarily know what someone's true value is.
还有另一种思考,当我们想象人生中的失败,我们恐惧的原因并不只是失去收入、失去地位,我们实际上害怕的是他人的评论和嘲笑。
When we think about failing in life, when we think about failure, one of the reasons why we fear failing is not just a loss of income, a loss of status. What we fear is the judgment and ridicule of others.
【(公众号:英语教学)】
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