连词与介词的区别
我们在学习一种语言的时候经常会学习的语言的语法,那么你知道连词和介词的区别是什么吗?下面是学习啦小编为你整理的连词与介词的区别,供大家阅览!
介词和连词的区别:
介词不能单独作句子成分,但介词在介词短语中是两个实质性结构成分中(介词+名词性词语)的一个;而连词在实质性结构中只起连接作用。下面以“和”为例谈谈如何区别介词和连词。①当“和”作介词的时候,“和”前后的成分不能互换,前面可加副词作状语,后面可以有停顿。②当“和”作连词的时候,“和”前后的成分可以互换,前面不能加副词性修饰成分,后面不能停顿。
一、介词的分类与语法功能
1. 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
介词分为:
① 简单介词,如at、in、for等;
② 合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;
③ 短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
④ 双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
⑤ 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。
如:
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
2. 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。
如:
①This machine is in good condition.(表语)
②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)
二、介词的搭配
1. “动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用)
②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用)
④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.’s + 部位,可换用)
strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用) c
atch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)
hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)
⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意义与from连用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“说服,建议”意义与into连用)
⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)
⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)
⑨give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。
⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。
同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异
reply to the letter回信,
sing(dance)to the music和....唱(跳),
amount to 达到,加起来有....,
devote to把...贡献给,
drink to为....干杯,
object to反对,
look forward to 渴望,
come to苏醒,
belong to属于,
search for搜...,
ask … for … 寻找,
use … for用作,
leave for前往,
take … for误以为,
call of倡导,
wait for等待,
care for喜欢,
make up for弥补损失,
turn to求助(救)于,
help oneself to随意,
agree to同意,
compare … to把...比作,
send for派人去请(拿)...,
sail for驶向,航向,
set out for动身去,
go in for爱好„„。
2. 常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。
worthy of值得的,
glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴,
far from离„„远,
grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人,
free from没有„„(免除„„),
proud of(take pride in)自豪,
satisfied with (by)满意,
sure of / about确信,
fond of喜欢,
fit for适合,
busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事,
full of充满,
ready for准备,
similar to相似,
wrong with不对;有毛病„„
3. “名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。
三、核心介词的用法归纳与辨析
1. 表示时间的介词in的用法如下。
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,
如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。
但要注意:
①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜间)。
②in five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在„„以后”。
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