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八年级英语期中语法点大全

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  八年级英语期中语法点大全

  could的用法

  I. could表示“可以;能”,是情态动词,其后应加动词原形;

  II. could是can的过去式,表示过去的“能力”;

  例:I could swim ten years ago.

  III. 表示可能性,既表示现在的可能性,也表示过去的可能性,可能性比can弱;

  例:Someone is knocking at the door. Who could it be?

  IV. 用于有礼貌地提出请求建议,或请求许可。

  例:Could I open the door? / Could you help me out?

  2. should的用法

  I. should表示“应该”,是情态动词,其后应加动词原形;

  II. should用来提建议和忠告。

  例:We middle school students should study hard.

  III. should的否定形式为should not,可缩写为shouldn’t。

  例:We should not/ shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer.

  3. 用could, should来提建议

  I. 陈述句

  i. could在陈述句中用来委婉地陈述看法和建议,译为“不妨…”

  例:You could turn to the teacher for help. 你不妨找老师帮忙。

  ii. should在陈述句中表示比较肯定的忠告,译为“应该…”

  例:You should turn to the teacher for help. 你应该找老师帮忙。

  II. 疑问句

  i. could用来委婉表达建议或请求许可,肯定答语用Yes,…can./ Sure,否定答语用No,…can’t/ Sorry。

  —Could you please pass me the cup?

  —Yes, I can./ Sure. (No, I can’t/ Sorry. )

  ii. should只用于主语为第一人称的句子,表示征求意见或建议,语气比could更加委婉。

  —Should I sit here?

  —OK.

  4. 动词短语

  动词短语的类型有:

  I. “动词 + 介词”

  此类动词短语,作用相当于一个及物动词,后面必须带名词或动词ing

  常见的有:look for, look after, wait for, hear from, listen to, depend on…

  例:I’m looking for a job.

  II. “动词 + 副词”

  此类动词短语可以用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

  i. 用作及物动词时,后面必须带sb./ sth.。如果sb./ sth. 是名词,则放在动词之后或副词之后均可;但如果sb./ sth.是代词,则必须放在动词之后。

  常见的这类短语有:cheer up, clean up, set up, put up, cut up, work out…

  例:clean up the kitchen = clean the kitchen up/ clean it up

  ii. 用作不及物动词时,不可以带sb./ sth.。

  常见的这类短语有:start off, get up, come back, get down, get away

  例:I get up early every morning.

  III. “动词 + 副词 + 介词”

  此类动词短语,作用相当于一个及物动词,后面必须带名词或动词ing

  常见的有:look forward to, look down upon, come up with, do well in, run outof…

  例:Never look down upon anyone.

  IV. “动词 + 名词 + 介词”

  此类动词短语,作用相当于一个及物动词,后面必须带名词

  常见的有:make fun of, make use of, pay attention to, take care of, makefriends with…

  例:In class, you should pay attention to your study.

  V. “动词 + 形容词 + 介词”

  此类动词短语,作用相当于一个及物动词,后面必须带名词

  常见的有:be late for, be afraid of, be angry with, be busy with, be short for…

  例:Bill is short for William.

  5. 过去进行时

  构成:sb. was/ were doing + 其它部分

  用法:表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段之内正在发生的动作。

  例:I was reading newspaper at 9:00 last night.

  过去进行时的句子,常常以when或while引导的时间状语从句呈现。

  when引导的从句中,动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词;时态可用一般态,也可以用进行态。

  while引导的从句中,动词通常是延续性动词;时态用进行态。

  例:I was doing the dishes when he came into the kitchen.

  I was doing thehomework while my father was reading the magazine.

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