捕捉“关键词”,巧答高考英语听力题
张琴分享
高考听力测试是为了考查学生理解口头英语的能力，着重检测学生语言运用的能力，即考查学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。但听力材料中包含了大量的信息，如何从这些纷繁复杂的信息中快速提取有价值的信息呢？这就需要特别关注听力材料中的某些“关键词”。尽管很多听力材料比较冗长，情景相对复杂，但其中的“关键词”恰恰反映了整篇听力材料的“主旨”，因此解答听力题就是要正确捕捉“关键词”。
根据听力材料中“关键词”的差异，笔者把听力题分成了四类题：时间约会题、交易购物题、天气状况题、时事新闻题。
1．捕捉时间关键词，巧答时间约会题
此类题常见的一些时间关键词如下表所示：
例如：
Question: What time will the ship leave?
M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
解析：现在是6：40，然后再向后推25分钟，即可得出答案是7：05。
这类听力题往往涉及到时间的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
2．捕捉金钱关键词，巧答交易购物题
常见的金钱类关键词如下表所示，
例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
解析：5乘2当然应该是10 dollars.
又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
解析：75 dollars 再减10%应该是67.5 dollars.
这类听力题往往也涉及到金钱的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
3．捕捉天气关键词，巧答天气状况题
常见的天气类关键词如下表所示，
例如：
①Question: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
②In which place may there be ice on the road?
A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
③What’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
④When will London be likely to have some sun?
A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
听力原文：
Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.
解析：文章开篇通过地点和时间词“Scotland in the morning”的复现，让我们很清楚的知道了答案；而第二题考查的对象是地点，在听的时候刻意地注意一下地点即可；第三题的问题有很强的指令性，抓住题干中的“Cardiff in the evening”就可以答题了；第四题询问的是时间，但是结合地点“London”之后问题也会变得简单了。
针对此类题目，首先我们要掌握以上表格中的关键词，同时，注意观察一下题目特点，若是涉及到某一时段某地的天气，那么在听的时候，留意一下这些时间即可得分。
4．捕捉新闻关键词，巧答时事新闻题
常见的新闻类关键词主要是和日期有关，具体如下表所示:
例如：
Question:①When did the earthquake take place? ____.
A. On TuesdayB. On WednesdayC. On Thursday
②What happened to the boy in the earthquake? ____.
A. He was badly hurtB. He was buried under a refrigeratorC. He was slightly wounded
③How did the boy survive the big earthquake? ____.
A. He stayed in a refrigerator
B. His father pulled him out in time
C. Their house escaped the earthquake
⑤How many people were killed in the earthquake? ____.
A. About 500B. About 5,000 C. About 50,000
听力原文：
We interrupt this program to bring you a special news report.
A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending almost 10 hours in a refrigerator that was buffed under tons of ruins in the big earthquake that took place early on the morning of Wednesday last week.
The boy, Tom, was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home.
Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out, get me out”, the rescuers dug down another 1.5 m and found the boy in the refrigerator. He was pronounced in good condition, suffering only four or five minor wounds.
Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake, which officials say may have killed as many as 5,000 people.
By yesterday afternoon, foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake area, as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
Now we return you to the mid-afternoon music show.
解析：这是一篇很典型的时事新闻报道，第一题考查的是事件发生的时间，第二、三两题考查的是与新闻人物有关的细节，而第四题则是数字，在听力材料中都有清楚的表述，如果明确了新闻类题材考查的重点，正确答题也不是难事。
新闻类题材如果注意时间，同时结合人数，以及一些特有的人物所发生的细节，在听的时候定能事半功倍。
高考英语听力理解题主要是考查英语口语交际能力,理解说话者的主题思想和内容要点,领悟说话人的态度和观点,所以考生应对对话背景、双方关系以及对话内容的言外之意做出正确快捷的判断,听听力之前充分看题，找出关键词（key words）, 包括时间，最高级，否定词，性别等；在每段材料听完之后，迅速反应，选出最佳答案。同时，学生在具备了一定的听力知识的基础上还应该掌握一些解题技巧，这种技巧的培养更能让学生在高考英语的听力测试中得心应手。
根据听力材料中“关键词”的差异，笔者把听力题分成了四类题：时间约会题、交易购物题、天气状况题、时事新闻题。
1．捕捉时间关键词，巧答时间约会题
此类题常见的一些时间关键词如下表所示：
例如：
Question: What time will the ship leave?
M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
解析：现在是6：40，然后再向后推25分钟，即可得出答案是7：05。
这类听力题往往涉及到时间的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
2．捕捉金钱关键词，巧答交易购物题
常见的金钱类关键词如下表所示，
例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
解析：5乘2当然应该是10 dollars.
又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
解析：75 dollars 再减10%应该是67.5 dollars.
这类听力题往往也涉及到金钱的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
3．捕捉天气关键词，巧答天气状况题
常见的天气类关键词如下表所示，
例如：
①Question: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
②In which place may there be ice on the road?
A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
③What’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
④When will London be likely to have some sun?
A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
听力原文：
Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.
解析：文章开篇通过地点和时间词“Scotland in the morning”的复现，让我们很清楚的知道了答案；而第二题考查的对象是地点，在听的时候刻意地注意一下地点即可；第三题的问题有很强的指令性，抓住题干中的“Cardiff in the evening”就可以答题了；第四题询问的是时间，但是结合地点“London”之后问题也会变得简单了。
针对此类题目，首先我们要掌握以上表格中的关键词，同时，注意观察一下题目特点，若是涉及到某一时段某地的天气，那么在听的时候，留意一下这些时间即可得分。
4．捕捉新闻关键词，巧答时事新闻题
常见的新闻类关键词主要是和日期有关，具体如下表所示:
例如：
Question:①When did the earthquake take place? ____.
A. On TuesdayB. On WednesdayC. On Thursday
②What happened to the boy in the earthquake? ____.
A. He was badly hurtB. He was buried under a refrigeratorC. He was slightly wounded
③How did the boy survive the big earthquake? ____.
A. He stayed in a refrigerator
B. His father pulled him out in time
C. Their house escaped the earthquake
⑤How many people were killed in the earthquake? ____.
A. About 500B. About 5,000 C. About 50,000
听力原文：
We interrupt this program to bring you a special news report.
A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending almost 10 hours in a refrigerator that was buffed under tons of ruins in the big earthquake that took place early on the morning of Wednesday last week.
The boy, Tom, was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home.
Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out, get me out”, the rescuers dug down another 1.5 m and found the boy in the refrigerator. He was pronounced in good condition, suffering only four or five minor wounds.
Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake, which officials say may have killed as many as 5,000 people.
By yesterday afternoon, foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake area, as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
Now we return you to the mid-afternoon music show.
解析：这是一篇很典型的时事新闻报道，第一题考查的是事件发生的时间，第二、三两题考查的是与新闻人物有关的细节，而第四题则是数字，在听力材料中都有清楚的表述，如果明确了新闻类题材考查的重点，正确答题也不是难事。
新闻类题材如果注意时间，同时结合人数，以及一些特有的人物所发生的细节，在听的时候定能事半功倍。
高考英语听力理解题主要是考查英语口语交际能力,理解说话者的主题思想和内容要点,领悟说话人的态度和观点,所以考生应对对话背景、双方关系以及对话内容的言外之意做出正确快捷的判断,听听力之前充分看题，找出关键词（key words）, 包括时间，最高级，否定词，性别等；在每段材料听完之后，迅速反应，选出最佳答案。同时，学生在具备了一定的听力知识的基础上还应该掌握一些解题技巧，这种技巧的培养更能让学生在高考英语的听力测试中得心应手。
