17年北京高考英语试卷及答案(2)
17年北京高考英语试卷第二卷
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，40 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑。
A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.
Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56.What happened to Paris on a March day?
A. She caught a bad cold.
B. She had a sudden heart problem.
C. She was knocked down by a ball.
D. She shivered terribly during practice
57.Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a worthy friend.
B. She recovered from shock.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back on the softball team.
58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.
B. Courageous and calm.
C. Cooperative and generous.
D. Ambitious and professional.
【答案】56 B 57 C 58 B
【解析】
【语篇解读】讲述Taylor Bisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命。
56.根据文章第三段It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.可知答案为B。
57. 根据倒数第三段“Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life”可知她被别人通过心脏复苏救了
回来，因此很幸运，选C。
58.通过她救Paris这件事可知她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，故选B。
B
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C. It publishes popular science fictions.
D. It combines fun with complex concepts.
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D. Reports on scientific discoveries.
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【答案】59.D 60.B 61.D 62.B
C
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering zxxk kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
64.Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A.The overuse of vaccine.
B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C
D
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C
【解析】
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人工智能。
69.根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知不要
让他们影响现实世界，故选D。
70.根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.
可知作者认为可以解决但是很困难，选C。
第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B
【解析】
【语篇解读】本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。
73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。
74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。
75.根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，35 分)
第一节 (15分)
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.你建议的线路;
2.你的理由;
3.你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m happy receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
Hope you’ll have a good time in China.
Yours
Li Hua
第二节 (20 分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：视频 video
【答案】
Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
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