历年高考英语试题参考答案(2)
C
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is widespread in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink inherently(内在地) bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly blends girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the extreme lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a delicate version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations(暗示) of the Virgin Mary(圣母玛利亚), constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity(女性化). It was not until the mid-1980s, when enlarged age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends influenced our perception of what is natural to relatives, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Taking the toddler as an example, I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. It turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counseled(劝告) department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler"(学步的小孩) became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a safe way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to cut up a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.
73. By saying "it is ... the rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.
A. should not be the sole representation of girlhood
B. should not be associated with girls' innocence
C. cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
D. cannot influence girls' lives and interests
74. What does the word “encode” in Para. 2 refer to?
A. discovered B. programmed C. marked D. sealed
75. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.
A. the marketing of products for children
B. the observation of children's nature
C. researches into children's behavior
D. studies of childhood consumption
76. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to _____.
A. focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
B. attach equal importance to different genders
C. classify consumers into smaller groups
D. create some common shoppers' terms
77. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be ____.
A. clearly explained by their inborn tendency
B. fully understood by clothing manufacturers
C. mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
D. well interpreted by psychological experts
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots(暴乱) and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields(产量) of some of the world’s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.
There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.
Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.
Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)
78. The trend lying behind food riot and hunger is ___________________________.
79. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?
80. According to the new study, what’s the problem of the recent crop improvement efforts?
81. What is the author’s attitude to the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organization?
第II卷(共47分)
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 你真周到，帮我预先订好了票子。 (It)
2. 我总是对那些在我失意时安慰我的人心存感激。 (grateful)
3. 许多人如此沉溺于网络购物以至于每天都要访问购物网站。 (So…)
4. 他不感激他朋友们为他所做的牺牲，把这视作是理所当然的。 (appreciate)
5. 尽管前途未卜，为了不让人生留有遗憾，他习惯尽力做好每一件事。 (Despite)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
作为一名高中生，你认为什么品质是你最需具备的? 请通过一个事例来说明理由。
历年高考英语试题参考答案
1-10 CCCAC DCCAB
11-16 BCD CCD
17 tired 18 energy 19store 20portabale
21 clean and repaired 22(all the) oxygen 23tie themselves to 24like feathers
25if/when 26while 27more powerful 28that 29To change 30associated
31will be created 33which/that 34must/should 35Both 36to help out
37that 38touches 39with 40living
41-50FIBGC EKDJA
51-65BACDA DDCAD BBDAC
66-77ADDC CBD ABACC
78 the growth decline in yields of some of the world’s major crops./ the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.
79Beaucse their self-sufficiency is important to the stability of word food markets./Because their ability to feed themselves ensures relative stability of word food markets
80They focus on feeding animals and cars rather than feeding people./They focus on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops for people./They focus more on the increase of animals feed than human fir grains./Yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soybeans
81No approving./Doubtful
翻译
1 It is so considerate or you to have booked ticket foe me in advance./ahead of time./beforehand.
2 I am always grateful to those who comfort me when I am in low spirits
3 So addicted to online shopping are many people that they will visit shopping websites everyday
4 He didn’t appreciate the sacrifice his hands had made for him ,and took it for granted.
5 Despite the unpredictable future ,he is accustomed to /used to tying his best to do everything well to leave no regrets in life.
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