英语总动员不可忽略的数词
英语中的数词包括基数词和序数词两大类,它们的用法非常复杂,接下来,小编给大家准备了英语总动员不可忽略的数词,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语总动员不可忽略的数词
一、基本构成
(一)基数词——从1数到N
1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊, 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20—twenty, 30—thirty, 40—forty ,50—fifty ,80—eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百万—eight million。
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或 many。
Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.
Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.
(二)序数词——由基数词转变而来,表示“这是第N个”
1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。
2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
3.序数词有时用缩写形式:
first----1st, twenty—second-------22th.
二、基本用法
(一)基数词的基本用法
1.定语
Fifty thousand London dockers are out on strike.
2.主语
数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如: Two months is quite a long time.
Five is an odd number.
3.宾语或介词宾语
How many do you want? -----Eight, please.
The city has a population of four million.
4.表语
We are altogether fourteen.
Five plus seven is twelve.
5.同位语
What work are you to assign us three?
Is there room for us two?
6.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay1 race。
7.句型:主语+is +about(大约)/ over =more than(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公里。
The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
8.表示“。。。。。。十”的数词的复数形式可以用来表示人的岁数或年代:
He is in his early thirties.
He died still in his forties.
This took place in the 1930s.
(二)序数词的基本用法
1.序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词):
Tom is their second son.
They celebrated2 the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic.
I will never give up, not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.
2.有时前面可以加一个不定冠词来表示“再一”, “又一”这样的意思:
We’ll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.
3.First,second 等有时可用来表示“第一个人(批)”“第二个人”等:
She was among the first to come and settle in Dujiashan.
You will be the second to speak.
4.如果数字较长,序数词总避免使用,而且读的方法也常常简化:
第201房间: Room 201
第319面: page 319
第一拖拉机厂:the Number I Tractor Works
第六号车厢:Carriage No.6
南京路1490号:1490 Nanjing Road
电话号码55――2347:telephone number : 55—2347
5. 在谈编了号的东西时,我们可以用基数词表示顺序:
the first part------part one
the third squad------squad three
the twenty-third section----section twenty-three
三、特殊数字的表示法
(一)年 月 日表示法
1. 年代 年代前用 in.
( in ) 897 读作 ( in ) eight hundred and ninety-seven
( in ) 1961 读作 ( in ) nineteen sixty-one (或 in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)
( in ) 1905 读作(in ) nineteen and five
( in ) 1800 读作( in ) eighteen hundred
2. 月份 月份开头第一个字母须大写,表示“在某月”时, 月份前面用 in。下面月份后附有缩写式。
( in ) January Jan. ( in ) March Mar3. ( in ) December Dec.
3. 日期 用序数词(前需要加the)表示; “ 在某日”, 前面用介词on.
( on ) the first ( on ) the eighteenth ( on ) the thirty-second
4. 某年 某月 某日
in Sep. 1954 on May 17, 1960 on Oct. 1, 1949(读作on October the first, nineteen forty-nine)
注:当年月日完全用数字表示时, 美国人把月放在日前。 8,6,79在英国表示June the eighth (79年6月8日), 但是在美国却表示August the sixth (79年8月6日)。
(二)时刻表示法
1.英语通常用at所引导的表示时刻。如:
( at ) six or six o’clock
( at ) eight or eight o’clock
2.如说几点几分,用下面的方法
a)表示几点过几分,用介词, 但分数须在半小时以内包括半小时。如:
eleven past seven
a quarter past eight
half past nine
b)表示几点差几分,用介词to, 但分数需要在半小时以上不包括半小时。 如:
two to seven
a quarter to eight
eighteen to nine
注:上午可以用am表示,下午用pm表示,例如:
9.50am 11.05pm
(三)分数词表示法
1.分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,序数词都是用复数,(分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”)如:
1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths
2.另外还有下面一些表示法:
1/2 (one) a half 1/4 a (one ) quarter 3/4 three-quarters
(四)小数的表示法
7.8 ------seven point eight
0.4---------zero point four
0.125----- zero point one two five
603.09---six hundred and three point oh nine
小数作定语时较多:
Its total industrial output value was up 5.6 times in these years.
Our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1970.
(五)百分数的表示法
百分数由per cent 表示,常常和by连用,作状语也可单独作状语:
Its total output value increased by 11.5 per cent over the previous year.
The output of cars in the U. S. last year was 24 per cent less than in 1973.
有时用作定语 宾语等:
The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.
The March figure for output value registered a 37% increase over February.
(六)倍数的表示法:
一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍five times。
(七)一些数学公式的读法:
3+8=11 Three plus eight is eleven.
9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.
a>b a is more than b.
a
(八)约数的表示法
⑴ “多于”用more than 或over
This room can hold more than (=over) 500 people.这间屋子能容纳500多人。
⑵ “少于”用less than
There are less than thirty balls in the basket.篮子里不到三十个球。
⑶ “或……以上”用or more
The music hall can hold 7000 people or more.音乐厅能容纳7000人或7000人以上。
⑷ “或……以下”用or less
The house can hold 50 people or less. 这座房子可容纳50人或50人以下。
⑸ “大约”用about, around, nearly等
The box weights about 50 pounds.这个箱子重约50磅。
⑹ “左右”用or so
In the past ten years or so , they have changed a lot.在过去的十年左右的时间里,他们改变了许多。
扩展:寒假英语总动员如何跳出命题者设下的陷阱
一。细心审题,解析每一考查点,分析题干。
中考题大多灵活多样,是对学生分析题目的能力的检验,所以要认真思考提供的全部信息,避免乱套语法规则。
例:Would you like __________ pears, please?[吉林]
A. any B. some C .much D. little
(析):有些学生没有认真审题,就乱套语法规则,认为疑问句中必须用any,而忽略了表示征求意见、请求等应用some.故正确答案为B.
二、多向思维,分析"陷阱" .
一些"陷阱题",往往是根据同学们思维上的弱点而设计的,对于中学生来
说,要注意克服思维上存在着习惯、单一 、片面、混乱的缺陷。
例:The radio is too noisy. Would1 you please turn it ____a little? [辽宁]
A .on B. off3 C. up D. down
(析):学生们一看此题很高兴,马上想到了有关turn 的短语,向导前边说声音大,那肯定是关上了,于是就选了C,关上,而忽略了句末有a little一词,故不可选用off,而应选down,指把音量"关小一点 ",而不是 “关掉一点”,故答案是D.
三、考查个别易混、易错词,或容易造成思维定向的特殊词。
好多学生对知识的把握非常死,乍一看题目简单,心里很是高兴,马上拿笔就答,但往往是错误的,说明他们的灵活应变能力很弱,稍微变一下形就出错,所以对做表面上看似容易的题更要小心谨慎。
例:She is a good student, she study ____,but the problem4 is hard, she ______ work it out by herself5. (江西)
A. hardly6, hard B. hard ,hard C. hardly, hardly D. hard, hardly.
(析):有的学生只知道hard是形容词,误认为hardly是它的副词形式就选C,而忽略了hard 既是形容词也是副词,而hardly的意思是“几乎不”的意思,再依据句意,所以选择D.
四、去伪存真,排除障碍。
鱼目混珠的"陷阱题",大多数是以选择题的形式出现,因此,对基本知识点, 要彻底搞懂 了为止,这样才会分清选择题目中的鱼目及珍珠,避免出错。
例:--The newspaper said7 that the famous8 singer would come here this evening.
---Yes. It is really ______ that he didn’t .
A. wrong B. sorry C. strange9 surprised10
(析):乍一看题目,学生很容易想到“很抱歉,他没来。”但是主语是it,指他要来这件事,而不是sb,故排除;如用surprised, 主语也应是sb, wrong 不符合句意,故选C.指他没来这件事情。
五、加强验证,走出迷宫。
"迷宫"总能使一些人落入"迷失方向",怎么办?在平时训练中,应注意掌
握走出"迷宫"的方法,加强验证,就是一种行之有效的方法。
例:_______will be the population11 of China in the year 2010?(陕西)
A. What B. How many
C. How much D. Which
(析): 同学们很容易想到“多少”应用How many, How much提问,而人是可数名词,所以选B.这样就正中了圈套,通常情况下我们对可数名词提问用How many没问题,但是要依据特殊用法,语境来做答,应用What,故正确答案为A.
相关连接
比较级常见误区
1)要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia12. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan13 than to carry it out.
4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。 比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
易错题分析::
1.I have to speak to my gramdma loudly because there's ____________ with her ears.
A.something wrong B. nothing wrong C. anything D. wrong something
分析: 修饰something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词的定语后置。此题选A。
2.They have built14 a bridge15 __________ long.
A.a hundred meters16 B. one-hundred-metre C. one-hundred-metres17 D. hundred metres
分析: 形容词作定语时,位置要放在所修饰的名词前面,但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时,定语后置,因此选A。 若量度词组变成合成语时,作定语用,则放在名词前。
3.The climate18 of Kunming in summer is not so hot as2 _____________.
A. Shanghai B. of Shanghai C. in Shanghai D. that of Shanghai
分析: 此题考查的是比较成分的协调一致性,这里参加比较的事物是the climate of Kunming 和 that (the climate) of Shanghai,因此答案为D。
4.This is _____interesting book.
A.a B. an C. the D./
分析: interesting以元音[!]开头,所以冠词用an,此题选B。
5.____________ all like travelling19.
A.Young B. A young C. The young D.Youngs
分析: 有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物。这时,它相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。 表示一类人时,看作复数。 例如: the young 年轻人 the sick 病人 the deaf 聋子 the blind 盲人 the aged 老人 the smooth 顺事 the impossible 不可能的事