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托福写作考试合理安排时间的方法及技巧

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  托福写作考试分为独立写作和综合写作,对于这两个部分的考试,考试所规定的时间也是不同的,如何在规定的时间里完成高质量的文章,这是考生托福写作拿高分的关键。那么合理的时间安排是什么呢?下面就跟小编一起来学习吧。

  托福写作考试合理安排时间的方法及技巧

  托福独立写作时间分配

  托福独立写作时间分配第一步:审题、确定立场、列出理由(最少3分钟最多5分钟)

  要避免两个极端:(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由,防止遗忘))用时太少,理由没有想清楚就开始写作,不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清,还会引起行文中频繁的修正,欲速则不达;用时太多,不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔,各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑,只要你的思维还是正常的,一定能做到。

  托福独立写作时间分配第二步:正文写作。(最少22分钟最多26分钟)

  a.各段写作时注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视,注意炼句,别说你不想写主题句,主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式。有n种选择可供参考:1. 举具体事例 2. 说对方相对缺点3. 使用数据 4. 使用假想例子 5. 使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。 哪一种你最容易想出来,就用哪一种。

  b.考前将文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句套背熟练,并且练习和模考时把他们用熟,要象做完型填空一样对待考场作文。别试图在考场上再现去决定比如哪种开头好,怎样结尾好。使用自己选种的套话。

  c.当被告知还有5分钟结束时,一般你已经该写到最后一条理由,或者已经在做结尾。要确保文章有结尾段。(不排除将他和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性。)

  托福独立写作时间分配第三步:检查。(需要1-3分钟,有侧重点地检查)

  1.时态:文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时;一般现在时第三人称要使用单数;使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时;

  2.句法:确保每句话是完整的,有谓语,且简单句只有一个谓语。

  3.主谓一致按此三步,持续练习5篇以上,可以确保时间问题。

  托福综合写作时间分配

  对于以阅读和听力材料为基础的写作试题,考生首先需要3分钟阅读一篇学术短文,并主要记下文章观点和一些主要词汇,为下面的听力部分做准备。然后文章隐去,这时考生需要听一段大约为2分钟的课堂讲解。刚阅读过的短文内容有关,一般是对阅读材料中观点的反驳。所以,考生就要针对每个观点分别记下听力中给出的反驳理由和例子。有时听力的内容是对阅读材料观点的补充说明,理由和例子也要相应记下。接下来,考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点,并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。通常有效的回答应是一篇150-225个单词的作文。每个写作任务的分数是0-5分。考查综合语言技能的作文题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。

  托福独立写作的首段思路和结构

  好的开始是成功的一半!在托福考试中,面对三四百字要求的独立写作时,很多同学有了思路,却迟迟不知如何动“笔”,30分钟的时间一分一秒流逝,文章质量也会随着心理状态的不同而受影响,从而影响最终的托福成绩。

  为了使学生在有限的时间以最佳的状态一气呵成,临场发挥是不可取的,通过无数考生的亲身验证,我们发现即使考生英语水平非常好,写作不做任何准备去应考也是风险很大的。因此,考生务必在考试之前做好充足的准备工作。

  既然要准备充足,方方面面的工作都要细究,今天要细究的内容是开头部分,我们将通过一条实例给大家讲一下首段的写作思路和段落结构。

  经过一段时间的备考,很多同学对于独立写作题目涉及的话题应该是比较熟悉了,在进行首段结构讲解之前,希望大家思考这样一个问题:独立写作中所涉及的这些话题,为什么会被ETS考官选中,放在一个全球性的语言考试中呢?大家可以再回顾一下独立写作的一些题目,他们其实都有一个共同的性质,那就是它所涉及的话题和内容,都是大家熟知的,并且会引起人们的讨论的话题,也就是考生们“普遍知晓”,并能“引起讨论”。因此我们得出托福独立写作题目的两个特点:一是具有“普遍性”,二是具有“可讨论性”。

  所谓“普遍性”,就是题目涉及的内容大家都熟知,例如,曾经有这样一个题目:A/D:The telephone has greater effects on people than television。题目当中的television 和telephone都是大家熟知的事物,起码对于所有托福考生来说,大家都肯定是再熟悉不过的东西了,所以这样的事物出现在题目中,是具有公平性的;

  所谓“可讨论性”,就是指题目所涉及的话题有可讨论的价值,如同辩论赛的论题一样,它是可以让正反双方展开讨论的,他的观点是辩证的。

  根据这两个特点,我们总结了一种开头段的结构,这个结构有三部分组成:第一部分——体现普遍性;第二部分——体现可讨论性;第三部分——得出立场或者文章打算;这里的第三部分根据大家文章行文思路的不同而进行不同的段落收尾就可以了,下面我们根据这个结构理论来进行一个题目的讲解:

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To achieve successful development of a country,a government should spend more money on young children's education(5-10) rather than on universities。

  同意/不同意:为了一个国家的发展,政府应当花更多的钱在儿童教育上,而不是大学教育上。

  这是一个教育类的话题,同时涉及到政府拨款的问题,涵盖两个方面的比较,一个是投资儿童教育,一个是投资大学教育。大家试着将这两个方面总结成一个事件

  ——the issue of how to invest in education

  或者——the issue of educational investment

  做完这项工作之后就可以按照三部分的结构写出开头段了。

  首先要写的是普遍性:

  As is often the case, the issue of educational investment is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion。

  此句中开头是以as引导的非限制性定语从句,as指代的是逗号后面句子中的全部内容,这件事是经常发生的情形。此句体现了问题的普遍性。

  然后就要体现可讨论性了,如何来体现呢,首先,出现可讨论性的前提,就是因为出现了差异,我们可以适当的过度交代一下原因,可如下叙述:

  People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives。

  这句话的意思是,因为人们个性和背景方面各不相同,所以人们往往从不同的角度看待同一个问题。过度之后,进行“可讨论性“的写作:

  Some people maintain that investing in primary education is a wise/an optimum option, while others hold that investing in tertiary-level education is sensible/sagacious。

  将两部分人的观点进行论述,目的在于通过可讨论性的体现,将题目转化成双方面的观点。之后要做的工作就是段落收尾了,收尾之前也需要进行适当的铺垫In taking various factors into consideration, 其中take…into consideration 代表“考虑”之意,相当于consider something,之后,根据行文方式的不同选择不同的收尾方式,下面给大家两中选择:

  ——I reckon that elementary education and high-level education are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in the process of one’s growth。

  这种收尾方式偏向中庸之道,后面的行文也多倾向于分情况讨论的思路;

  ——I reckon that it is the latter/former claim that makes more sense/ bears more rationality。

  这种收尾方式思路方向比较确定,一般选择立论文的考生会选择。

  综上我们将这篇文章整合汇总如下:

  In recent years /As is often the case, the issue of educational investment is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion. People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives. Some people maintain that investing in primary education is an optimum option, while others hold that investing in tertiary-level education is sensible. In taking various factors into consideration, I reckon that elementary education and high-level education are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in the process of one’s growth。

  (I reckon that it is the latter/former claim that makes more sense / bears more rationality。)

  大家可以看到,在文中多次出现初级教育和高等教育的词组,但上文却采取了不同的表达方式,primary education对应于elementary education,tertiary-leveleducation相对应于high-level education。因此,向大家强调一点是,如果在一个段落,或者一篇文章中,我们不可避免的会遇到重复意思的表达,这时候,希望大家多多积累同近义词的短语和词组,用于文章当中将会显得语言更加丰富。

  许多考生在学习之初可以适当的背诵段落和词句,因为提高写作做好的方法就是临摹和套用,大家可以将上述段落中的下划线部分看做模板句式,非下划线部分可以根据题目来进行填充。下面我们利用上述模板,来练习另一道题目:

  In your opinion, which one is better, to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or spend your money on short term pleasure such as vacation?

  花钱买贵重物品还是去短期度假

  首段:

  As is often the case, the issue of money spending is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion. People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives. Some people maintain that spending on jewelry is a wise/ an optimum option, while others hold that spending on vacation is sensible/ sagacious. In taking various factors into consideration,I reckon that material life and spiritual enjoyment are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in daily life。

  由此,这篇文章的首段就完成了,在写作之初,建议大家多多学习范文或模板的写作,但不容忽视的是,模板性越强的段落应用性和灵活性越差,所以,在托福备考进行到一定程度时,希望大家更多地组建自己最顺手的模板段落或句型,并且多加练习,只有这样,在面临写作题目的时候,才能“临危不惧”地一气呵成。

  托福写作中that引导的五大从句

  第一步:牢记基本原则,一个句子只能有一个谓语,一个完整的句子至少包含主语和谓语这两个句子成分。

  _意:从句和主句分别算作一个句子,谓语本质上就是动词时态。从句有且仅有一个动词时态,主句有且仅有一个动词时态。时态包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时等等。

  例句:The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。(一般现在时)

  He gave me a book yesterday. 昨天他给了我一本书。(一般过去时)

  The trees planted last year are growing well now. 去年栽下的树如今长得很好。(现在进行时)

  We have been in this room since 9 o’clock. 我们从9点起就在这个房间了。(现在完成时)

  注意:划线部分是谓语动词

  第二步:认识包含从句的复合句。复合句=主句+从句(从句=引导词+从句其他句子成分)

  It was a fault that could not be forgiven. 那是一个不能被宽恕的错误。主句从句(其中”that”是引导词)

  I have no idea that he is accepted by a college. 我不知道他被大学录取这件事情。主句从句

  注意:本文专讲引导词“that”引导的从句。

  第三步:开始写句子。

  1. 主语从句:That+完整句子+谓语(动词时态)+其他成分

  例句:1). That he is going to Beijing upsets me. 他去北京这件事让我很难过。完整句子

  2). That the earth goes around the sun is a truth. 地球围绕太阳转是一个真理。完整句子

  _时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用“It”代替主语从句放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。1). It upsets me that he is going to Beijing.2). It is a truth that the earth goes around the sun.

  常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that从句……是必须的(重要的/自然的/奇怪的)It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that从句……是一个遗憾(耻辱/不奇怪)It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that从句建议/要求/提议/渴望……

  例句:It is necessary that workers in factory are punctual.在工厂里工作的工人必须准时。It is a pity that he got dropped out of school at so young an age.令人遗憾的是他那么小就辍学了。It is proposed that car using in this city should be limited.人们提议汽车的使用应该被限制。

  2. 宾语从句:主语+谓语(动词时态)+that+完整的句子注意:这种从句就是谓语动词后面的句子。“that”没有实义,但书面语中不省略。例句:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天会去上海。注意:“told”这个谓语动词后面跟了“me”和“that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow”两个宾语。We must never think that we are good in everything. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好。

  3. 表语从句:主语+谓语(系动词)+that+完整的句子系动词:be, sound听起来, look看起来,feel摸起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,remain保持,仍是例句:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。The reality is that she has to quit her job for him. 事实是她必须为了他而辞职。注意:“that”不做成分,书面语中所有的引导词“that”都不要省略。

  4. 定语从句:用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。先写一个简单句,然后在简单句中的名词或者代词后面加个that从句,注意这里的“that”要在从句中做成分。从含义上讲,“that”=从句所修饰的词。例句:It is a novel that you may like to read. 这是一本你也许想看的小说。注意:“that”从句修饰“novel”这个词。I don't like the novel that you borrowed yesterday. 我不喜欢你昨天借的那本小说。Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy.任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。注意:这里的“anything”是不定代词。

  5. 同位语从句:名词+that从句+谓语+其他可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。The suggestion that we go abroad to study is given by him.我们去国外学习的建议是他给的。

  如上所述,其实包含从句的复合句并不是那么的可怕,只要把握句子基本原则,遵循上面的步骤就可以用小小的“that”轻松玩转五大从句。

  托福写作之学校该支持的体育活动

  A student’s education does not only consist of learning academic subjects. It is also important for students to develop other skills, such as teamwork, and healthy habits that will last them a lifetime. One way to do this is to encourage more participation in sports activities. Although it is important to provide adequate funding for academic services such as the school library, I believe it is important to fund sports activities equally.

  A student’s primary education goal is to pursue knowledge. Therefore, the school library is very important. However, the resources that a library buys are long-lasting. In addition, students now have resources other than the school library to support their studies. For example, many have their own computers and access to the Internet. Sports activities, on the other hand, require some investment every year. Equipment wears out and needs to be replaced more often than library resources. Furthermore, a school that provides good athletic equipment for its students will find that they are more willing to participate in physical activities. Since these activities are also an important part of their education, the importance of good equipment cannot be ignored.

  Ideally, a school should provide its students with a well- balanced education that helps them develop all of their skills. For this reason, it is important that schools do not ignore sports activities. Setting aside more money for these activities will help schools to develop better physical education programs and encourage more students to participate in them.


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