英语语法学习
关于英语语法的学习方面，刚开始接触的话肯定是要从最简单的学起的。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的英语语法学习的相关知识，供大家参阅!
英语语法学习：英语中的语气的种类
陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如：Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。(否定句)Who was it that they want to help? 他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀?(疑问句)How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在中国的日子过的真有趣!(感叹句)
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如：
Please come over here. 请到这边来。Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗?Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。如：
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed! 祝你成功!If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我们要是大学生该多好!
英语语法学习：虚拟语气的其它表达形式
1.用介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
常用的介词或介词短语主要有without(没有)，but for(要不是)，in the absence of(如果没有)或were it not for(要是没有)，but that(假设……不)等。例如：Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.
But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn't live such a happy life.
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
Example:
Without gravity, we ______ able to walk.
a. were b. should be c. can be d. should not be
Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars ______ shining at any time in the day.
a. be seen b. can be seen
c. could be seen d. could have been seen
2.用动词不定式表示虚拟条件
It would be a shame to stop our work half-way.
It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.
如果要排成一寸长就需要大约一亿二千五百万个水分子。
Example:
It ______ better to think independently.
a. goes b. looks c. would be d. shall be
3.通过上下文表示虚拟条件
常用的连接词有or, otherwise, but等。例如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.
The worn parts have been replaced at the proper time, or a damage might have happened.
磨损的部件及时更换了，否则就会发生破坏。虚拟语气的其它表达形式
Example:
He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might go b. should be gone
c. could have gone d. ought have gone
The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.
a. would have been b. would be
c. should be d. had been
4.虚拟语气用在...would(或had)rather(或would just as soon)+ 从句的句式中，表示与事实相反的愿望。从句谓语动词要用过去式。例如：
I would rather you stayed here.
I would rather that you didn't do anything.
I'd just as soon you didn't go there.
Example:
I'd just as soon ______ those important papers with you.
a. that you won't take b. your not taking
c. please don't you take d. you didn't take
I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. didn't do c. don't d. didn't
5.虚拟语气用在...had hoped that...句型中，表示过去未实现的愿望，意为“原本希望...”，从句谓语用would + 原形动词。例如：
I had hoped that she would answer my letter.
We had hoped that you would change your mind.
His father had hoped that he would be a scientist.
Example:
Tom's father had hoped that he ______ into business with him.
a. would go b. would have gone
c. went d. had gone
6.虚拟语气用在had better, had best, had rather, would sooner, would rather, would have句型中，后接原形动词。例如：
You had better close the window.
I would rather stay at home.
You had best leave her alone.
Would you have me tell her a lie?
If you don't mind, I'd rather not see the play.
I had rather put the books on the desk.
Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender.
Example:
I ______ do that if I were given the choice.
a. would rather not b. rather not
c. do not rather d. would not rather
“I haven't felt well for a week.” “You ______ see a doctor.”
a. had ought to b. had better
c. should have to d. had rather
______ do it myself than try to persuade a stubborn fellow like you.
a. I'd rather b. I'd better
c. I rather d. I'd like
练习：
1.I would rather ______ a book than watch TV.
a. read b. reading c. to read d. have read
2.You were late again this morning. I think you had better ______ on time.
a. to start to be b. start being
c. started being d. to be
3.She ______ into the water but that I caught her.
a. would fall b. would have fallen
c. has fallen d. wouldn't fall
4.He had hopped that his son _____ an engineer.
a. will be b. be c. is d. would be
5. I would just as soon ______ those heavy boxes with you.
a. that you won't take b. your not taking
c. please don't you take d. you didn't take
6.I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I _____.
a. must have b. may have c. should have d. shall have
7. ______ your advice, I would never have got the job.
a. But for b. As for c. Apart from d. Except for
8. With all this work on hand, he ______ TV last night.
a. mustn't watch
b. shouldn't have watched
c. wouldn't watch
d. ought not to watch
9.He must have missed the train, or he ______ here then.
a. should be b. would be
c. would have been d. had to be
10.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology ______ achieved.
a. must have been b. could have been
c. should have d. would not have been
11. I was in a hurry that day. Otherwise I ______ to talk to you.
a.had stopped b. would have stopped
c. stopped d. had to stop
12. “I'm surprised to learn that you're going back to Chicago.”
“Yes. I'd hoped that I ______ have to go back again, but I do.”
a. don't b. won't c. hadn't d. wouldn't
13. Better ______ the butcher than the doctor.
a. to pay b. pay c. paying d. paid
14. I would have come sooner but I ______ that you were waiting.
a. didn't know b. hadn't known
c. haven't known d. couldn't have known
15. You had better ______ so many questions.
a. not to ask b. ask not c. not ask d. not asking
16. “John wants to see you today.” “I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”
a. comes b. came c. has come d. should come
17. Life today ______ very different without iron and steel.
a. would be b. is not c. will be d. has been
18. It ______ wrong not to take this into consideration.
a. is said b. will be c. would be d. can be
19. I would sooner not _____ here.
a. have waited b. waiting c. waited d. wait
20. Time is running out. Hadn't we better______?
a. got started b. got start
c. get started d. to get starting
英语语法学习：虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，(常常省去连词that)，表示不可能实现的愿望。
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 (be 一律用were)
例如：
I wish I knew everything in the world.
I wish that the experiment were a success.
We wish we had wings. 我们希望有翅膀。
Example:
I wish it ______ not so cold outside.
A. shall be B. be C. were D. is
I wish I ______ you better.
A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如：
I wish that you had called yesterday.
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.
I didn't go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.
Example:
I wish you ______ such a great deal of fuss.
A. were not caused B. had not caused
C. have not caused D. are not caused
I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn't had B. hadn't
C. didn't have D. hadn't have
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：
I wish that he could try again.
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
Example:
I wish that we ______ with my brother when he flies to England next week.
A. could go B. had gone C. will go D. are going
EXERCISE
1. I wish you ______ like that.
a. don't talk b. wouldn't talk
c. won't talk d. not to talk
2. I wish I _____ how to operate the machine.
a. have known b. know
c. can know d. knew
3. He is not a millionaire but he _____ he were.
a. wishes b. hopes c. longs d. believes
4. I wish that I ______ visit my uncle the day after tomorrow.
a. shall b. have c. would d. am going to
5. I wish it ______ spring all the year round.
a. will be b. were c. be d. is
6. I wish I _____ to that university with you yesterday.
a. would go b. went c. did go d. had gone
7.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______ so early.
a. didn't leave b. hadn't left
c. haven't left d. couldn't leave
8.Nancy sometimes wishes that she ______ in the big city.
a. was not living b. did not lived
c. were not living d. does not live
9.James wishes he ______ the football game instead of the film.
a. had seen b. saw c. had been seen d. see
10. While you're here, I wish ______ have a look around the house.
a. you'll b. you've c. you'd d. you better
11.Looking back on it, I wish you ______ me first.
a. asked b. have asked c. ask d. had asked
12.“Do you want me to lend you some money?”
“I wish you ______. I would pay you back next week.”
a. should b. would c. did d. might
13.I wished it ______ but it did.
a. had not occurred b. would not occur
c. was not occurred d. did not occur
14.He didn't go to her birthday party, but he does wish he ______ there.
a. has been b. would be
c. had been d. would have been
15.“These typewritten papers are very neat.”
“I wish I ______ type too, but I don't know how.”
a. can b. may c. will d. could
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