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英语语音基本知识

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  要想说好英语语音,就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。小编为大家整理了一些英语语言的基本知识,希望对大家学习英语有帮助。

  1.关于语音的几个概念

  1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

  2)音标:词的语音形式。

  3)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

  4)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

  5)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

  6)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

  7)开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

  8)闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

  9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

  2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

  1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

  2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth

  3)[e] bed, desk, head,

  4)[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp

  5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

  6)[ɔ] hot, want

  7)[ ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

  8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,

  9)[u] look, put, women, could

  10)[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough

  11)[ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse

  12)[ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

  13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

  14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

  15)[әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

  16)[au] house, town

  17)[ɔi] boy, oil

  18)[iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

  19)[εә] pear, care, there, fair

  20)[uә] tour, poor,

  3. 容易混淆的元音

  1)[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

  2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

  3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

  4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

  5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don

  4. 辅音

  1)[p] pen,

  2)[b] bed, comb

  3)[t] tell,

  4)[d], day, played, wanted

  5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

  6)[g] big, go, guess, language

  7)[m] man

  8)[n] nine, knife, autumn

  9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,

  10)[l] land, world

  11)[r] read, write,

  12)[f] five, cough, laugh

  13)[v] voice, of

  14)[θ] think,

  15)[ ð] this, bathe

  16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

  17)[z] zoo, close,

  18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation

  19)[/] pleasure,

  20)[h] hot, who, hour

  21)[w] wall, what, answer

  22)[j] yes

  23)[t∫] child, teach, catch

  24)[d/] joke, bridge,

  25)[ts] boats

  26)[dz] goods

  27)[tr] tree

  28)[dr] dream

  5. 容易混淆的辅音

  1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

  2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

  3)[z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

  4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

  6. 读音规则

  1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

  2)非重读音节 [ә] banana, student, today, after,

  [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

  7. 特殊读音

  1)音的连读:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

  2)失去爆破:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

  3)音的同化:this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?

  8. 重音

  1)单词重音

  A)双音节词

  a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

  b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。

  a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,

  im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

  c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。

  'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

  d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。

  'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

  B)多音节词

  a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

  b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。

  'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

  c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。

  cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

  d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

  2)句子重音

  A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重

  B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

  C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.

  D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

  a) 实词第二次出现

  He thinks of that as a child thinks.

  b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰

  I met her in the railway station.

  c) 代替词

  Which book do you want? The small one.

  d) 感叹词中的 what 和how

  What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

  e) street 在专有名词中

  Wangfujing Street.

  f) this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening

  E)虚词重读的特殊情况

  a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。

  Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.

  I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

  b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。

  They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

  c) 介词在句首和句尾。

  In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

  d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。

  If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.

  e)反身代词表示强调。

  He couldn't come himself.

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