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with的用法详解

若木分享

  With是一个十分有用的介词,其用法也比较复杂,以下用法值得注意:

  1. 表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以,用),注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配,如“用英语”习惯上用in English,而不是with English。

  2. 与某些抽象名词连用时,其作用相当于一个副词。如:

  with anger=angrily 生气地

  with care=carefully 认真地

  with delight=delightedly 高兴地

  with ease=easily 容易地

  with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

  with joy=joyfully 高兴地

  with kindness=kindly 亲切地

  with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地

  3. 表示条件时,根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如:

  With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点,我就买得起了。

  With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些,我们完成这项工作还要快些。

  4. 比较with和as:两者均可表示“随着”,但前者是介词,后接名词或代词;后者是连词,用于引导一个句子。比较:

  He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长,他会进步的。

  People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了,人们的观念也会变化。

  5. 复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构,它在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。如:

  (1) with+宾语+形容词

  He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。

  Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。

  (2) with+宾语+ 副词

  He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头 站在老师面前。

  He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。

  (3) with +宾语+ 介词短语

  She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。

  The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。

  (4) with+宾语+现在分词

  He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

  I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病, 我无法去度假。

  (5) with +宾语+ 过去分词

  He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

  All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

  (6) with +宾语+ 动词不定式

  I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服, 我无法出去了。

  With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策, 我们感到放心。

  (7) with +宾语+ 名词

  He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。

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