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英语助动词读书笔记

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  助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。下面是学习啦小编精心为您整理的英语助动词读书笔记,希望您喜欢!

  1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法

  (1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

  Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴?

  She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

  (2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

  He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。

  You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

  (3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情况:

  ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

  Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀?

  I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

  ②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。

  You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

  You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

  ③表示义务、责任等,同should。

  You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

  What is to be done?该干什么。

  ④表示可能性,与情态动词may, can同义。

  Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

  Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

  ⑤表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示命运或注定

  They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了,没想到再也不能相见了。

  He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

  ⑥用于习语

  Where am I to go? 我该向何处去?

  What am I to do? 我该怎么办?

  2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法

  (1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

  He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

  This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。

  (2)和不定式构成谓语,表示客观上不得不做的事情。

  We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车,我们只能等下一列。

  -Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗?

  -No. We don't have to.不,不必了。

  3、do(does, did) 的用法

  (1)构成疑问句或否定句

  How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

  He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

  (2)加强语气。

  He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

  Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

  (3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。

  -You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐,是吧?

  -Yes , I do.是的,我喜欢。

  He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

  (4)用于倒装句中。

  Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

  Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时,我才了解到英语的重要性。

  (5)构成否定的祈使句。

  Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

  Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

  4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法

  (1)shall(should)用于第一人称的将来时中,单纯表示来

  I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

  When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?

  I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告诉她我要去伦敦。

  (2)will用于第二、第三人称的将来时态中,在现代英语中可以用于所有人称

  He will be 30 next month. 他下月将是30岁。

  You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。

  He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何时完成写作。

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